See bunkô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bunkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bunkō, *bungō\nOld English: *bunca; *bunċen (< *bunkkīn)\nMiddle English: bunche, bonche\nEnglish: bunch (partially)\n⇒ Middle English: bunchy, bonchy\n⇒ Middle English: bunchines (“bump, hump, hunch”)\nEnglish: bunchiness\nOld Frisian: bunka\nSaterland Frisian: Bunke\nWest Frisian: bonke, bonk\nOld Saxon: *bunko\nMiddle Low German: bunke, bunk\nGerman Low German: Bunk\nOld Dutch: *bunko\nMiddle Dutch: buncke, bonke, bonck, bonc\nDutch: bonk\n>? Old High German: bungo\nMiddle High German: bunge\nGerman: Bunge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bunkō, *bungō\nOld English: *bunca; *bunċen (< *bunkkīn)\nMiddle English: bunche, bonche\nEnglish: bunch (partially)\n⇒ Middle English: bunchy, bonchy\n⇒ Middle English: bunchines (“bump, hump, hunch”)\nEnglish: bunchiness\nOld Frisian: bunka\nSaterland Frisian: Bunke\nWest Frisian: bonke, bonk\nOld Saxon: *bunko\nMiddle Low German: bunke, bunk\nGerman Low German: Bunk\nOld Dutch: *bunko\nMiddle Dutch: buncke, bonke, bonck, bonc\nDutch: bonk\n>? Old High German: bungo\nMiddle High German: bunge\nGerman: Bunge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bunki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bunki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bunki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bunki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bunki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bunki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bunki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bunki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bunki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bunka",
"3": "bunga",
"4": "bunke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bunka, bunga, bunke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bunka, bunga, bunke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bunke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bunke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bunke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bunke"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bunke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bunke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bunke"
},
"expansion": "Danish: bunke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: bunke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bonk",
"3": "bonik",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Low German: bonk, bonik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Low German: bonk, bonik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰenǵʰ-",
"t": "thick, tight, dense, plump"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick, tight, dense, plump”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bung",
"3": "",
"4": "sessile oak"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bung (“sessile oak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*bunga"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *bunga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick, tight, dense, plump”) or *bʰe(n)g- (“to bend, bulge”); compare *bankô for the latter. Less likely related to Albanian bung (“sessile oak”), from Proto-Albanian *bunga, from *bʰewH- (“to grow”). The alternation with *bung- in High German may be an old remnant of the original stem, if it is not simply a dialectal voicing assimilation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkô",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkaniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkô",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkaniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkanų",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkanunz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkiniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkanǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkammaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkinē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkammiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bunk"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*bunkô",
"10": "bunkanǫ̂",
"11": "bunkammaz",
"12": "bunkammiz",
"2": "*bunkô",
"3": "*bunkanų",
"4": "*bunkiniz",
"5": "*bunkini",
"6": "*bunkinē",
"7": "bunkaniz",
"8": "bunkaniz",
"9": "bunkanunz",
"title": "*bunkô (an-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bunkô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 49 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 49 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bump, lump"
],
"id": "en-bunkô-gem-pro-noun-Tu0lJ239",
"links": [
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"lump",
"lump"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 49 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 49 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 57 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heap, pile"
],
"id": "en-bunkô-gem-pro-noun-~wJUDqAI",
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"id": "en-bunkô-gem-pro-noun-W0U1vdef",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbuŋ.kɔːː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "? *bungô"
}
],
"word": "bunkô"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bunkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bunkō, *bungō\nOld English: *bunca; *bunċen (< *bunkkīn)\nMiddle English: bunche, bonche\nEnglish: bunch (partially)\n⇒ Middle English: bunchy, bonchy\n⇒ Middle English: bunchines (“bump, hump, hunch”)\nEnglish: bunchiness\nOld Frisian: bunka\nSaterland Frisian: Bunke\nWest Frisian: bonke, bonk\nOld Saxon: *bunko\nMiddle Low German: bunke, bunk\nGerman Low German: Bunk\nOld Dutch: *bunko\nMiddle Dutch: buncke, bonke, bonck, bonc\nDutch: bonk\n>? Old High German: bungo\nMiddle High German: bunge\nGerman: Bunge",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bunkō, *bungō\nOld English: *bunca; *bunċen (< *bunkkīn)\nMiddle English: bunche, bonche\nEnglish: bunch (partially)\n⇒ Middle English: bunchy, bonchy\n⇒ Middle English: bunchines (“bump, hump, hunch”)\nEnglish: bunchiness\nOld Frisian: bunka\nSaterland Frisian: Bunke\nWest Frisian: bonke, bonk\nOld Saxon: *bunko\nMiddle Low German: bunke, bunk\nGerman Low German: Bunk\nOld Dutch: *bunko\nMiddle Dutch: buncke, bonke, bonck, bonc\nDutch: bonk\n>? Old High German: bungo\nMiddle High German: bunge\nGerman: Bunge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bunki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bunki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bunki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bunki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bunki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bunki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bunki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bunki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bunki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "bunka",
"3": "bunga",
"4": "bunke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bunka, bunga, bunke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: bunka, bunga, bunke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "bunke"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: bunke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: bunke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bunke"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bunke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bunke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bunke"
},
"expansion": "Danish: bunke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: bunke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "bonk",
"3": "bonik",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Low German: bonk, bonik",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Low German: bonk, bonik"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰenǵʰ-",
"t": "thick, tight, dense, plump"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick, tight, dense, plump”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "bung",
"3": "",
"4": "sessile oak"
},
"expansion": "Albanian bung (“sessile oak”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*bunga"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *bunga",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰenǵʰ- (“thick, tight, dense, plump”) or *bʰe(n)g- (“to bend, bulge”); compare *bankô for the latter. Less likely related to Albanian bung (“sessile oak”), from Proto-Albanian *bunga, from *bʰewH- (“to grow”). The alternation with *bung- in High German may be an old remnant of the original stem, if it is not simply a dialectal voicing assimilation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun-n-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkô",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkaniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkô",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkaniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkanų",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkanunz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkiniz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkanǫ̂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkammaz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkinē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bunkammiz",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bunk"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-n-m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*bunkô",
"10": "bunkanǫ̂",
"11": "bunkammaz",
"12": "bunkammiz",
"2": "*bunkô",
"3": "*bunkanų",
"4": "*bunkiniz",
"5": "*bunkini",
"6": "*bunkinē",
"7": "bunkaniz",
"8": "bunkaniz",
"9": "bunkanunz",
"title": "*bunkô (an-stem)"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bunkô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bump, lump"
],
"links": [
[
"bump",
"bump"
],
[
"lump",
"lump"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heap, pile"
],
"links": [
[
"heap",
"heap"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crowd"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbuŋ.kɔːː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "? *bungô"
}
],
"word": "bunkô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bunkô meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.