See bi in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bī\nOld English: bi, be\nMiddle English: by, be, bi\nEnglish: by\n→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\nScots: by, bye, bi', be, b'\nYola: bee, be, bie, by\nOld Frisian: bi, be\nNorth Frisian: bi\nSaterland Frisian: bie\nWest Frisian: by\nOld Saxon: bi, bī\nMiddle Low German: bi\nLow German: bi, bie\n→ Swedish: bi\nOld Dutch: bī\nMiddle Dutch: bi\nDutch: bij\nLimburgish: bie\nOld High German: bī, pī\nMiddle High German: bī\nAlemannic German: bii\nGerman: bei\nVilamovian: by\nYiddish: בײַ (bay)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bī\nOld English: bi, be\nMiddle English: by, be, bi\nEnglish: by\n→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\nScots: by, bye, bi', be, b'\nYola: bee, be, bie, by\nOld Frisian: bi, be\nNorth Frisian: bi\nSaterland Frisian: bie\nWest Frisian: by\nOld Saxon: bi, bī\nMiddle Low German: bi\nLow German: bi, bie\n→ Swedish: bi\nOld Dutch: bī\nMiddle Dutch: bi\nDutch: bij\nLimburgish: bie\nOld High German: bī, pī\nMiddle High German: bī\nAlemannic German: bii\nGerman: bei\nVilamovian: by\nYiddish: בײַ (bay)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌱𐌹 (bi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌱𐌹 (bi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi",
"t": "on, at"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on, at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐπί",
"3": "",
"4": "on, at"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on, at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *h₁pi, zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on, at”), with voicing due to Verner's law. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on, at”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bi",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bi-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"by, at"
],
"id": "en-bi-gem-pro-prep-CErPlDGX",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "acc/dat"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative or dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"by, at [with accusative or dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 18 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near, around"
],
"id": "en-bi-gem-pro-prep-Sl90KktE",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "acc/dat"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative or dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"near, around [with accusative or dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bi/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Verner's law"
],
"word": "bi"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prepositions",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*bī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *bī\nOld English: bi, be\nMiddle English: by, be, bi\nEnglish: by\n→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\nScots: by, bye, bi', be, b'\nYola: bee, be, bie, by\nOld Frisian: bi, be\nNorth Frisian: bi\nSaterland Frisian: bie\nWest Frisian: by\nOld Saxon: bi, bī\nMiddle Low German: bi\nLow German: bi, bie\n→ Swedish: bi\nOld Dutch: bī\nMiddle Dutch: bi\nDutch: bij\nLimburgish: bie\nOld High German: bī, pī\nMiddle High German: bī\nAlemannic German: bii\nGerman: bei\nVilamovian: by\nYiddish: בײַ (bay)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *bī\nOld English: bi, be\nMiddle English: by, be, bi\nEnglish: by\n→ Mandarin: by (bāi), BY (bāi)\nScots: by, bye, bi', be, b'\nYola: bee, be, bie, by\nOld Frisian: bi, be\nNorth Frisian: bi\nSaterland Frisian: bie\nWest Frisian: by\nOld Saxon: bi, bī\nMiddle Low German: bi\nLow German: bi, bie\n→ Swedish: bi\nOld Dutch: bī\nMiddle Dutch: bi\nDutch: bij\nLimburgish: bie\nOld High German: bī, pī\nMiddle High German: bī\nAlemannic German: bii\nGerman: bei\nVilamovian: by\nYiddish: בײַ (bay)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌹"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌱𐌹 (bi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌱𐌹 (bi)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁epi",
"t": "on, at"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on, at”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἐπί",
"3": "",
"4": "on, at"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on, at”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *h₁pi, zero-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi (“on, at”), with voicing due to Verner's law. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐπί (epí, “on, at”).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bi",
"pos": "prep",
"related": [
{
"word": "bi-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"by, at"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "acc/dat"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative or dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"at",
"at"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"by, at [with accusative or dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"near, around"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "acc/dat"
},
"expansion": "[with accusative or dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"around",
"around"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"near, around [with accusative or dative]"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bi/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Verner's law"
],
"word": "bi"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bi meaning in Proto-Germanic (2.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.