See berô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*berō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *berō\nOld English: bera\nMiddle English: bere, bier, beare, beore, bore\nEnglish: bear (see there for further descendants)\nScots: beir\n>? Old English: beorn\nMiddle English: beorn, bern, beryn, biern, byrne, burne, bourne\nOld Frisian: *bera, *bara\nSaterland Frisian: Boar\nWest Frisian: bear\nOld Saxon: bero\nMiddle Low German: bar, bāre\nGerman Low German: Baar, Boor\nPlautdietsch: Boa\nOld Dutch: *bero\nMiddle Dutch: bēre\nDutch: beer\nAfrikaans: beer\n→ Papiamentu: ber, beer\nLimburgish: baer\nWest Flemish: beir\nZealandic: beêr\nOld High German: bero\nMiddle High German: bër\nAlemannic German: Bärr\nCimbrian: per\nGerman: Bär\nHunsrik: Bäer\nLuxembourgish: Bier\nVilamovian: baor\nYiddish: בער (ber)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *berō\nOld English: bera\nMiddle English: bere, bier, beare, beore, bore\nEnglish: bear (see there for further descendants)\nScots: beir\n>? Old English: beorn\nMiddle English: beorn, bern, beryn, biern, byrne, burne, bourne\nOld Frisian: *bera, *bara\nSaterland Frisian: Boar\nWest Frisian: bear\nOld Saxon: bero\nMiddle Low German: bar, bāre\nGerman Low German: Baar, Boor\nPlautdietsch: Boa\nOld Dutch: *bero\nMiddle Dutch: bēre\nDutch: beer\nAfrikaans: beer\n→ Papiamentu: ber, beer\nLimburgish: baer\nWest Flemish: beir\nZealandic: beêr\nOld High German: bero\nMiddle High German: bër\nAlemannic German: Bärr\nCimbrian: per\nGerman: Bär\nHunsrik: Bäer\nLuxembourgish: Bier\nVilamovian: baor\nYiddish: בער (ber)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bersi",
"3": "bessi",
"4": "bera",
"5": "birna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bersi, bessi, bera, birna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bersi, bessi, bera, birna; bjǫrn (from oblique stem forms in *bernu-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bersi",
"3": "bessi",
"4": "bera",
"5": "birna",
"6": "björn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bersi, bessi, bera, birna, björn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bersi, bessi, bera, birna, björn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bjørn"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bjørn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bjørn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørn",
"3": "bjønn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: bjørn, bjønn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: bjørn, bjønn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "biørn",
"3": "biorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: biørn, biorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: biørn, biorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bjässe",
"3": "björn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bjässe, björn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bjässe, björn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "biørn",
"3": "biorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: biørn, biorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: biørn, biorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bjørn"
},
"expansion": "Danish: bjørn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: bjørn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-ogt",
"2": "biorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Gutnish: biorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gutnish: biorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "bjånn"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: bjånn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: bjånn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "byönn"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: byönn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: byönn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "bjenn"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish: bjenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jamtish: bjenn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (*baira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (*baira)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "bera-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: bera-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: bera-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "*bʰerH-",
"5": "*ǵʰwer-",
"id": "brown",
"id2": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "",
"5": "grey, brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“grey, brown”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъrtь",
"3": "",
"4": "hive of wild bees"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bъrtь (“hive of wild bees”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Conventionally from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“grey, brown”). Ringe, doubting the existence of such a root, suggests instead *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”). Blažek (2017) suggests *bʰerH- (“to bore, to pierce”), from which several IE terms for beehive are derived, e.g. Proto-Slavic *bъrtь (“hive of wild bees”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "berô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "birniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bernų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/berô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*berǭ",
"tags": [
"Old-Norse"
],
"word": "bera"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *birnijǭ",
"tags": [
"Old-Norse"
],
"word": "birna"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"id": "en-berô-gem-pro-noun-vJi7UOgJ",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbe.rɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "berô"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*berǭ",
"tags": [
"Old-Norse"
],
"word": "bera"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *birnijǭ",
"tags": [
"Old-Norse"
],
"word": "birna"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*berō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *berō\nOld English: bera\nMiddle English: bere, bier, beare, beore, bore\nEnglish: bear (see there for further descendants)\nScots: beir\n>? Old English: beorn\nMiddle English: beorn, bern, beryn, biern, byrne, burne, bourne\nOld Frisian: *bera, *bara\nSaterland Frisian: Boar\nWest Frisian: bear\nOld Saxon: bero\nMiddle Low German: bar, bāre\nGerman Low German: Baar, Boor\nPlautdietsch: Boa\nOld Dutch: *bero\nMiddle Dutch: bēre\nDutch: beer\nAfrikaans: beer\n→ Papiamentu: ber, beer\nLimburgish: baer\nWest Flemish: beir\nZealandic: beêr\nOld High German: bero\nMiddle High German: bër\nAlemannic German: Bärr\nCimbrian: per\nGerman: Bär\nHunsrik: Bäer\nLuxembourgish: Bier\nVilamovian: baor\nYiddish: בער (ber)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *berō\nOld English: bera\nMiddle English: bere, bier, beare, beore, bore\nEnglish: bear (see there for further descendants)\nScots: beir\n>? Old English: beorn\nMiddle English: beorn, bern, beryn, biern, byrne, burne, bourne\nOld Frisian: *bera, *bara\nSaterland Frisian: Boar\nWest Frisian: bear\nOld Saxon: bero\nMiddle Low German: bar, bāre\nGerman Low German: Baar, Boor\nPlautdietsch: Boa\nOld Dutch: *bero\nMiddle Dutch: bēre\nDutch: beer\nAfrikaans: beer\n→ Papiamentu: ber, beer\nLimburgish: baer\nWest Flemish: beir\nZealandic: beêr\nOld High German: bero\nMiddle High German: bër\nAlemannic German: Bärr\nCimbrian: per\nGerman: Bär\nHunsrik: Bäer\nLuxembourgish: Bier\nVilamovian: baor\nYiddish: בער (ber)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bersi",
"3": "bessi",
"4": "bera",
"5": "birna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bersi, bessi, bera, birna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bersi, bessi, bera, birna; bjǫrn (from oblique stem forms in *bernu-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bersi",
"3": "bessi",
"4": "bera",
"5": "birna",
"6": "björn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bersi, bessi, bera, birna, björn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bersi, bessi, bera, birna, björn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "bjørn"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: bjørn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: bjørn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "bjørn",
"3": "bjønn"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: bjørn, bjønn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: bjørn, bjønn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "biørn",
"3": "biorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: biørn, biorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: biørn, biorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "bjässe",
"3": "björn"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: bjässe, björn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: bjässe, björn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "biørn",
"3": "biorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: biørn, biorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: biørn, biorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "bjørn"
},
"expansion": "Danish: bjørn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: bjørn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-ogt",
"2": "biorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Gutnish: biorn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gutnish: biorn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "bjånn"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: bjånn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: bjånn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ovd",
"2": "byönn"
},
"expansion": "Elfdalian: byönn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Elfdalian: byönn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-jmk",
"2": "bjenn"
},
"expansion": "Jamtish: bjenn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Jamtish: bjenn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (*baira)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰 (*baira)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "bera-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: bera-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: bera-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "*bʰerH-",
"5": "*ǵʰwer-",
"id": "brown",
"id2": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"4": "",
"5": "grey, brown"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“grey, brown”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bъrtь",
"3": "",
"4": "hive of wild bees"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *bъrtь (“hive of wild bees”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Conventionally from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“grey, brown”). Ringe, doubting the existence of such a root, suggests instead *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”). Blažek (2017) suggests *bʰerH- (“to bore, to pierce”), from which several IE terms for beehive are derived, e.g. Proto-Slavic *bъrtь (“hive of wild bees”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "berô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "birniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "berô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "birniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bernų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "birni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bernē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bernumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/berô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic irregular nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (brown)",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰwer-",
"gem-pro:Carnivores"
],
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbe.rɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "berô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for berô meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.