See barwaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*baru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *baru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *baru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bearu"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bearu, bearo\nMiddle English: berwe, barwe, berewe, barewe, barou\nMiddle English: ber, bere, beare, byar, biare, byare, bir (in placenames only) (merged with descendant of Old English bǣr (“pasture”))",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bearu, bearo\nMiddle English: berwe, barwe, berewe, barewe, barou\nMiddle English: ber, bere, beare, byar, biare, byare, bir (in placenames only) (merged with descendant of Old English bǣr (“pasture”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*baro"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *baro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *baro; bere (< *baruz?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "baro"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: baro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: baro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bǫrr",
"t": "a kind of tree"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bǫrr (“a kind of tree”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bǫrr (“a kind of tree”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bör"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bör",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bör"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*borъ",
"t": "pine tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *borъ (“pine tree”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dǫbrava",
"t": "oak grove; forest in general"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫbrava (“oak grove; forest in general”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word only has cognates in Slavic. Kroonen states that the reconstructed proto-form would reflect *bʰorwos, and states that it is a Germanic-Slavic isogloss. See Proto-Slavic *borъ (“pine tree”). Orr considers the possibility that it is a loan, in particular the ŭ-declension being copied. In this case the Germanic meaning would be more derived, with a shift from the Slavic sense “pine grove” to “forest (in general)\" for which compare Proto-Slavic *dǫbrava (“oak grove; forest in general”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "barwaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barwōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barwōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barwōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barwą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barwas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barwaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "⇒? *barō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coniferous forest; pinewood"
],
"id": "en-barwaz-gem-pro-noun-5kd3GdFB",
"links": [
[
"coniferous",
"coniferous"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"pinewood",
"pinewood"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wood; grove"
],
"id": "en-barwaz-gem-pro-noun-bnzeXlQU",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"grove",
"grove"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑr.wɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "baruz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "barwaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Proto-Slavic",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"gem-pro:Forests"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*baru"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *baru",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *baru"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "bearu"
},
"expansion": "Old English: bearu, bearo\nMiddle English: berwe, barwe, berewe, barewe, barou\nMiddle English: ber, bere, beare, byar, biare, byare, bir (in placenames only) (merged with descendant of Old English bǣr (“pasture”))",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: bearu, bearo\nMiddle English: berwe, barwe, berewe, barewe, barou\nMiddle English: ber, bere, beare, byar, biare, byare, bir (in placenames only) (merged with descendant of Old English bǣr (“pasture”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*baro"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *baro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *baro; bere (< *baruz?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "baro"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: baro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: baro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bǫrr",
"t": "a kind of tree"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: bǫrr (“a kind of tree”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: bǫrr (“a kind of tree”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "bör"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: bör",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: bör"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*borъ",
"t": "pine tree"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *borъ (“pine tree”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dǫbrava",
"t": "oak grove; forest in general"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dǫbrava (“oak grove; forest in general”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "This word only has cognates in Slavic. Kroonen states that the reconstructed proto-form would reflect *bʰorwos, and states that it is a Germanic-Slavic isogloss. See Proto-Slavic *borъ (“pine tree”). Orr considers the possibility that it is a loan, in particular the ŭ-declension being copied. In this case the Germanic meaning would be more derived, with a shift from the Slavic sense “pine grove” to “forest (in general)\" for which compare Proto-Slavic *dǫbrava (“oak grove; forest in general”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "barwaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barwōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barwōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barwōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "barwą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barwas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barwai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "barwō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "barwamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barwaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "⇒? *barō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"coniferous forest; pinewood"
],
"links": [
[
"coniferous",
"coniferous"
],
[
"forest",
"forest"
],
[
"pinewood",
"pinewood"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"wood; grove"
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"grove",
"grove"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑr.wɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "baruz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "barwaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for barwaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.