See bagmaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*baum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *baum\nOld English: bēam, bēom\nMiddle English: beem, beam, bem, beme, beume, beam, beame (Northern), beam, beom (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: beam\n→ German: beamen\n→ Japanese: ビーム\n→ Dutch: beamen\nScots: beam\nOld Frisian: bām, baem (Late Old Frisian)\nNorth Frisian:\nMost dialects: buum\nHeligoland: Booam\nSylt: Boom\nSaterland Frisian: Boom\nWest Frisian: beam\nOld Saxon: bōm\nMiddle Low German: bôm\nGerman Low German: Boom\nPlautdietsch: Boom\n→ Danish: bom\n→ Finnish: puomi\n→ Gutnish: bom\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: bom\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bom\n→ Swedish: bom\nOld Dutch: bōm\nMiddle Dutch: bôom\nDutch: boom\nAfrikaans: boom\nBerbice Creole Dutch: bom\nJersey Dutch: bôm\nNegerhollands: bom, boom\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: bom (archaic)\nPolish: bom, bum\nSkepi Creole Dutch: bom, boom\nSranan Tongo: bon\nAukan: bon\n→ English: boom\n→ Indonesian: bom (“tree, pole”), bum\nLimburgish: boum\nOld High German: boum, poum, paum\nMiddle High German: boum\nAlemannic German: Baaum, Bum, Baim, Baum, Boum\nSwabian: Boum, Boom\nWalser: böim, baum, bem\nBavarian: Bam, paam, pame\nCimbrian: póom, puam, pome\nMòcheno: pa'm\nCentral Franconian: Boom, Baam, Baum, Boum\nHunsrik: Baam\nLuxembourgish: Bam\nTransylvanian Saxon: bum\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Baam\nUpper Saxon German: Boom, Baam\nVilamovian: baojm, boum\nEast Franconian: Baam, Bääm\nGerman: Baum\nRhine Franconian: Baam\nPennsylvania German: Baam\nPalatine German: Baam\nYiddish: בוים (boym)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *baum\nOld English: bēam, bēom\nMiddle English: beem, beam, bem, beme, beume, beam, beame (Northern), beam, beom (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: beam\n→ German: beamen\n→ Japanese: ビーム\n→ Dutch: beamen\nScots: beam\nOld Frisian: bām, baem (Late Old Frisian)\nNorth Frisian:\nMost dialects: buum\nHeligoland: Booam\nSylt: Boom\nSaterland Frisian: Boom\nWest Frisian: beam\nOld Saxon: bōm\nMiddle Low German: bôm\nGerman Low German: Boom\nPlautdietsch: Boom\n→ Danish: bom\n→ Finnish: puomi\n→ Gutnish: bom\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: bom\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bom\n→ Swedish: bom\nOld Dutch: bōm\nMiddle Dutch: bôom\nDutch: boom\nAfrikaans: boom\nBerbice Creole Dutch: bom\nJersey Dutch: bôm\nNegerhollands: bom, boom\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: bom (archaic)\nPolish: bom, bum\nSkepi Creole Dutch: bom, boom\nSranan Tongo: bon\nAukan: bon\n→ English: boom\n→ Indonesian: bom (“tree, pole”), bum\nLimburgish: boum\nOld High German: boum, poum, paum\nMiddle High German: boum\nAlemannic German: Baaum, Bum, Baim, Baum, Boum\nSwabian: Boum, Boom\nWalser: böim, baum, bem\nBavarian: Bam, paam, pame\nCimbrian: póom, puam, pome\nMòcheno: pa'm\nCentral Franconian: Boom, Baam, Baum, Boum\nHunsrik: Baam\nLuxembourgish: Bam\nTransylvanian Saxon: bum\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Baam\nUpper Saxon German: Boom, Baam\nVilamovian: baojm, boum\nEast Franconian: Baam, Bääm\nGerman: Baum\nRhine Franconian: Baam\nPennsylvania German: Baam\nPalatine German: Baam\nYiddish: בוים (boym)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "baðmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: baðmr\nIcelandic: baðmur\nOld Swedish: bagn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: baðmr\nIcelandic: baðmur\nOld Swedish: bagn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-",
"t": "to grow, swell, be"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, swell, be”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φῠτόν",
"t": "plant, tree"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φῠτόν (phutón, “plant, tree”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰh₂ǵʰ-mo-s",
"t": "branch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂ǵʰ-mo-s (“branch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeh₂ǵʰús",
"t": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bōguz",
"t": "upper arm, shoulder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bōguz (“upper arm, shoulder”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from an earlier *bawwmaz (with assimilation of *-ww- > *-ggw- via Verschärfung), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, swell, be”), and thus of similar formation to Ancient Greek φῠτόν (phutón, “plant, tree”). However, Kroonen notes that this derivation is flawed, because the original meaning of the root was most likely \"beam\" and not \"tree\", rendering a derivation from *bʰuH- semantically strange, and prefers to derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂ǵʰ-mo-s (“branch”), which is related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”) (whence Proto-Germanic *bōguz (“upper arm, shoulder”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bagmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"tree"
],
"id": "en-bagmaz-gem-pro-noun-3Jxe24st",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*trewą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beam, balk"
],
"id": "en-bagmaz-gem-pro-noun-rNjKTrth",
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"balk",
"balk"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*balkô"
},
{
"word": "*galgô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑɣ.mɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West"
],
"word": "baumaz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bagmaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*baum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *baum\nOld English: bēam, bēom\nMiddle English: beem, beam, bem, beme, beume, beam, beame (Northern), beam, beom (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: beam\n→ German: beamen\n→ Japanese: ビーム\n→ Dutch: beamen\nScots: beam\nOld Frisian: bām, baem (Late Old Frisian)\nNorth Frisian:\nMost dialects: buum\nHeligoland: Booam\nSylt: Boom\nSaterland Frisian: Boom\nWest Frisian: beam\nOld Saxon: bōm\nMiddle Low German: bôm\nGerman Low German: Boom\nPlautdietsch: Boom\n→ Danish: bom\n→ Finnish: puomi\n→ Gutnish: bom\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: bom\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bom\n→ Swedish: bom\nOld Dutch: bōm\nMiddle Dutch: bôom\nDutch: boom\nAfrikaans: boom\nBerbice Creole Dutch: bom\nJersey Dutch: bôm\nNegerhollands: bom, boom\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: bom (archaic)\nPolish: bom, bum\nSkepi Creole Dutch: bom, boom\nSranan Tongo: bon\nAukan: bon\n→ English: boom\n→ Indonesian: bom (“tree, pole”), bum\nLimburgish: boum\nOld High German: boum, poum, paum\nMiddle High German: boum\nAlemannic German: Baaum, Bum, Baim, Baum, Boum\nSwabian: Boum, Boom\nWalser: böim, baum, bem\nBavarian: Bam, paam, pame\nCimbrian: póom, puam, pome\nMòcheno: pa'm\nCentral Franconian: Boom, Baam, Baum, Boum\nHunsrik: Baam\nLuxembourgish: Bam\nTransylvanian Saxon: bum\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Baam\nUpper Saxon German: Boom, Baam\nVilamovian: baojm, boum\nEast Franconian: Baam, Bääm\nGerman: Baum\nRhine Franconian: Baam\nPennsylvania German: Baam\nPalatine German: Baam\nYiddish: בוים (boym)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *baum\nOld English: bēam, bēom\nMiddle English: beem, beam, bem, beme, beume, beam, beame (Northern), beam, beom (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: beam\n→ German: beamen\n→ Japanese: ビーム\n→ Dutch: beamen\nScots: beam\nOld Frisian: bām, baem (Late Old Frisian)\nNorth Frisian:\nMost dialects: buum\nHeligoland: Booam\nSylt: Boom\nSaterland Frisian: Boom\nWest Frisian: beam\nOld Saxon: bōm\nMiddle Low German: bôm\nGerman Low German: Boom\nPlautdietsch: Boom\n→ Danish: bom\n→ Finnish: puomi\n→ Gutnish: bom\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: bom\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: bom\n→ Swedish: bom\nOld Dutch: bōm\nMiddle Dutch: bôom\nDutch: boom\nAfrikaans: boom\nBerbice Creole Dutch: bom\nJersey Dutch: bôm\nNegerhollands: bom, boom\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: bom (archaic)\nPolish: bom, bum\nSkepi Creole Dutch: bom, boom\nSranan Tongo: bon\nAukan: bon\n→ English: boom\n→ Indonesian: bom (“tree, pole”), bum\nLimburgish: boum\nOld High German: boum, poum, paum\nMiddle High German: boum\nAlemannic German: Baaum, Bum, Baim, Baum, Boum\nSwabian: Boum, Boom\nWalser: böim, baum, bem\nBavarian: Bam, paam, pame\nCimbrian: póom, puam, pome\nMòcheno: pa'm\nCentral Franconian: Boom, Baam, Baum, Boum\nHunsrik: Baam\nLuxembourgish: Bam\nTransylvanian Saxon: bum\nEast Central German:\nErzgebirgisch: Baam\nUpper Saxon German: Boom, Baam\nVilamovian: baojm, boum\nEast Franconian: Baam, Bääm\nGerman: Baum\nRhine Franconian: Baam\nPennsylvania German: Baam\nPalatine German: Baam\nYiddish: בוים (boym)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "baðmr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: baðmr\nIcelandic: baðmur\nOld Swedish: bagn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: baðmr\nIcelandic: baðmur\nOld Swedish: bagn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃 (bagms)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-",
"t": "to grow, swell, be"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, swell, be”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φῠτόν",
"t": "plant, tree"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φῠτόν (phutón, “plant, tree”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*bʰh₂ǵʰ-mo-s",
"t": "branch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂ǵʰ-mo-s (“branch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰeh₂ǵʰús",
"t": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bōguz",
"t": "upper arm, shoulder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *bōguz (“upper arm, shoulder”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Traditionally derived from an earlier *bawwmaz (with assimilation of *-ww- > *-ggw- via Verschärfung), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH- (“to grow, swell, be”), and thus of similar formation to Ancient Greek φῠτόν (phutón, “plant, tree”). However, Kroonen notes that this derivation is flawed, because the original meaning of the root was most likely \"beam\" and not \"tree\", rendering a derivation from *bʰuH- semantically strange, and prefers to derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂ǵʰ-mo-s (“branch”), which is related to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”) (whence Proto-Germanic *bōguz (“upper arm, shoulder”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bagmamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bagmaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"tree"
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*trewą"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Building materials"
],
"glosses": [
"beam, balk"
],
"links": [
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"balk",
"balk"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*balkô"
},
{
"word": "*galgô"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɑɣ.mɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West"
],
"word": "baumaz"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "bagmaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bagmaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.