"bad-" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See bad- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /bɑd/
Etymology: Unknown. Compare Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- (“to dig; plot of ground”), relating to "ground, dirt", ablaut form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ- Etymology templates: {{unk|gem-pro}} Unknown, {{cog|ine-pro|*bʰodʰ-|t=to dig; plot of ground}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- (“to dig; plot of ground”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*bʰedʰ-}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ-
  1. to defile? Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: badōną
    Sense id: en-bad--gem-pro-verb-qQxTOVTP Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bædan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bædan",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bæddel",
            "nolb": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? bæddel",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bædling",
            "nolb": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? bædling",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bædan; >? bæddel, >? bædling"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "badde",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Middle English: badde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Middle English: badde"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "bad",
            "3": "baud"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: bad, baud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: bad, baud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "bad"
          },
          "expansion": "English: bad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: bad"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "pad"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: pad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: pad"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰodʰ-",
        "t": "to dig; plot of ground"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- (“to dig; plot of ground”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰedʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- (“to dig; plot of ground”), relating to \"ground, dirt\", ablaut form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ-",
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bad-",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "badōną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to defile?"
      ],
      "id": "en-bad--gem-pro-verb-qQxTOVTP",
      "links": [
        [
          "defile",
          "defile"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɑd/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bad-"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "badōną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bædan"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: bædan",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bæddel",
            "nolb": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? bæddel",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "bædling",
            "nolb": "1",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? bædling",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: bædan; >? bæddel, >? bædling"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "badde",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": ">? Middle English: badde",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": ">? Middle English: badde"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "bad",
            "3": "baud"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: bad, baud",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: bad, baud"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "bad"
          },
          "expansion": "English: bad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: bad"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "pad"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: pad",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: pad"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Unknown",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰodʰ-",
        "t": "to dig; plot of ground"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- (“to dig; plot of ground”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰedʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ-",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare Proto-Indo-European *bʰodʰ- (“to dig; plot of ground”), relating to \"ground, dirt\", ablaut form of Proto-Indo-European *bʰedʰ-",
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bad-",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Proto-Germanic verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to defile?"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defile",
          "defile"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/bɑd/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bad-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for bad- meaning in Proto-Germanic (2.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.