See bō- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "batis",
"3": "",
"4": "father, dad, friend"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian batis (“father, dad, friend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*batę",
"t": "older male relative or brother, dad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *batę (“older male relative or brother, dad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ба́тя",
"t": "dad"
},
"expansion": "Russian ба́тя (bátja, “dad”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-, *bʰāt- (“father, (elder) brother”). Cognate with Lithuanian batis (“father, dad, friend”), Proto-Slavic *batę (“older male relative or brother, dad”) (whence Russian ба́тя (bátja, “dad”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bōbō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bōl-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bōj-",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bō-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Middle English: babe",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "babe"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: babe; Scots",
"word": "babe"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle English: babee, babi",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "baby"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle English: babee, babi; Scots",
"word": "babie"
},
{
"english": "male forename",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *babō",
"word": "Bavo"
},
{
"english": "attested as Babo (male given name)",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *babō; Old High German",
"word": "babo"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōbō",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "bōba"
},
{
"alt": "attested as Bōba, Bōfa (male given names)",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōbō",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "bōfa"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: *bōba, *bōfa, *bōva",
"word": "Boube"
},
{
"english": "rascality",
"sense": "Old Frisian: *bōba, *bōfa, *bōva",
"word": "bōverīe"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: *bōba, *bōfa, *bōva; West Frisian",
"word": "boef"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaft (“villainous”)",
"word": "⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaftich"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaft (“villainous”)",
"word": "bōfheftich"
},
{
"english": "villainous, base, mean",
"sense": "⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaft (“villainous”)",
"word": "bōfachtich"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Low German: bôve",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Boov"
},
{
"sense": "→ Old Swedish: bōve; Swedish",
"word": "bov"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: boef, boeve, bouve",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "boef"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buobe, puobe",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "Bueb"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buobe, puobe",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Bube"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buobe, puobe",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Bub"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buobe, puobe",
"word": "Bub"
},
{
"alt": "attested as Bōbo (male forename)",
"sense": "→ English: bub",
"word": "bōbo"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: bófi; Icelandic",
"word": "bófi"
},
{
"alt": "attested as Bōla, Bōlla (male given name)",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōlō",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "bōla"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōlō",
"word": "bōla"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *bōlo; Middle Low German",
"word": "bôle"
},
{
"sense": "Dutch: boel",
"word": "→⇒ English: bully"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buole, puole",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Buhle"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buole, puole",
"word": "buwła"
},
{
"sense": "English: boy",
"word": "→ Faroese: boysur"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: boye, boy, boi; Scots",
"word": "boy"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: boy, boi; Boio (male given name); West Frisian",
"word": "boie"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: boy, boi; Boio (male given name); West Frisian",
"word": "boi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: boy, boi; Boio (male given name); West Frisian",
"word": "boai"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Low German: *bôie",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Boi"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: boye, Boye (a to-name)",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "boi"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōjō",
"word": "→ Old French: boi"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōjō",
"word": "boy"
},
{
"english": "South Tyrolean",
"sense": "Middle High German: *buoi",
"tags": [
"Bavarian"
],
"word": "Bui"
},
{
"alt": "*bōiō",
"english": "male given name",
"sense": "*bōjô (diminutive)",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌱𐍉𐌹𐍉"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: bobba; North Frisian",
"word": "babbe"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: bobba; North Frisian",
"word": "babb"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: bobba; North Frisian",
"word": "babe"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: bobba",
"word": "Baabe"
},
{
"sense": "West Frisian: bobbe",
"word": "⇒ West Frisian: bobbert"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle Dutch: Babbekin",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "Babbetje"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"tags": [
"Bavarian"
],
"word": "Bua"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"word": "pua"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"word": "Mòcheno: pua"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"tags": [
"German",
"Pennsylvania"
],
"word": "Buh"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"tags": [
"German",
"Pennsylvania"
],
"word": "Bu"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *bóa; Norwegian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "boa"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *babbi",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "babba"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *babbi; Icelandic",
"word": "babbi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *babbi; Swedish",
"word": "babbe"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *babbi; Swedish",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "bobbe"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": ">? Proto-Germanic: *baswôProto-West Germanic: *baswōOld Frisian: *basa"
},
{
"english": "possibly borrowed from Middle Low German",
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "basSaterland Frisian: BoasWest Frisian: baes"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "baasOld Saxon: *basoMiddle Low German: bāsLow German: BasGerman Low German: Baas→ German: Bas"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "Baß"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "Baas→ Danish: bas→ Swedish: bas→ Norwegian: basOld Dutch: *basoMiddle Dutch: baesDutch: baasAfrikaans: baas→ English: baasNegerhollands: baas"
},
{
"english": "boss",
"roman": "boseu",
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "baes→ Lokono: basia→ Aukan: basi→ Belizean Creole: baas→ Caribbean Hindustani: bás→ Caribbean Javanese: bas→ English: boss→ Cantonese: 波士→ Danish: boss→ French: boss→ Indonesian: bos→ Italian: boss→ Japanese: ボス→ Korean: 보스→ Guyanese Creole English: baas→ Indonesian: bas→ Petjo: bas→ Jamaican Creole: baas→ Kwinti: basia→ Papiamentu: bas"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "baas"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "ba→ Saramaccan: bási→ Sranan Tongo: basi→ Kari'na: ba`si→ Trió: paasi→ West Frisian: baasWest Flemish: baos→ French: bausse"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A stem meaning father, brother, close male relation."
],
"id": "en-bō--gem-pro-noun-lpo5mi80",
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
],
[
"brother",
"brother"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ba-"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "bō-"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Middle English: babe",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "babe"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: babe; Scots",
"word": "babe"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle English: babee, babi",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "baby"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle English: babee, babi; Scots",
"word": "babie"
},
{
"english": "male forename",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *babō",
"word": "Bavo"
},
{
"english": "attested as Babo (male given name)",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *babō; Old High German",
"word": "babo"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōbō",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "bōba"
},
{
"alt": "attested as Bōba, Bōfa (male given names)",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōbō",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "bōfa"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: *bōba, *bōfa, *bōva",
"word": "Boube"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: *bōba, *bōfa, *bōva; West Frisian",
"word": "boef"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaft (“villainous”)",
"word": "⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaftich"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaft (“villainous”)",
"word": "bōfheftich"
},
{
"english": "villainous, base, mean",
"sense": "⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaft (“villainous”)",
"word": "bōfachtich"
},
{
"english": "rascality",
"sense": "Old Frisian: *bōba, *bōfa, *bōva",
"word": "bōverīe"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Low German: bôve",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Boov"
},
{
"sense": "→ Old Swedish: bōve; Swedish",
"word": "bov"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: boef, boeve, bouve",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "boef"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buobe, puobe",
"tags": [
"Alemannic-German"
],
"word": "Bueb"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buobe, puobe",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Bube"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buobe, puobe",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Bub"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buobe, puobe",
"word": "Bub"
},
{
"alt": "attested as Bōbo (male forename)",
"sense": "→ English: bub",
"word": "bōbo"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: bófi; Icelandic",
"word": "bófi"
},
{
"alt": "attested as Bōla, Bōlla (male given name)",
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōlō",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "bōla"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōlō",
"word": "bōla"
},
{
"sense": "Old Saxon: *bōlo; Middle Low German",
"word": "bôle"
},
{
"sense": "Dutch: boel",
"word": "→⇒ English: bully"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buole, puole",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "Buhle"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: buole, puole",
"word": "buwła"
},
{
"sense": "English: boy",
"word": "→ Faroese: boysur"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: boye, boy, boi; Scots",
"word": "boy"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: boy, boi; Boio (male given name); West Frisian",
"word": "boie"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: boy, boi; Boio (male given name); West Frisian",
"word": "boi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: boy, boi; Boio (male given name); West Frisian",
"word": "boai"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Low German: *bôie",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "Boi"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Dutch: boye, Boye (a to-name)",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "boi"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōjō",
"word": "→ Old French: boi"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *bōjō",
"word": "boy"
},
{
"english": "South Tyrolean",
"sense": "Middle High German: *buoi",
"tags": [
"Bavarian"
],
"word": "Bui"
},
{
"alt": "*bōiō",
"english": "male given name",
"sense": "*bōjô (diminutive)",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐌱𐍉𐌹𐍉"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: bobba; North Frisian",
"word": "babbe"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: bobba; North Frisian",
"word": "babb"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: bobba; North Frisian",
"word": "babe"
},
{
"sense": "Old Frisian: bobba",
"word": "Baabe"
},
{
"sense": "West Frisian: bobbe",
"word": "⇒ West Frisian: bobbert"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Middle Dutch: Babbekin",
"tags": [
"Dutch"
],
"word": "Babbetje"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"tags": [
"Bavarian"
],
"word": "Bua"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"word": "pua"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"word": "Mòcheno: pua"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"tags": [
"German",
"Pennsylvania"
],
"word": "Buh"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: *buo, *bue",
"tags": [
"German",
"Pennsylvania"
],
"word": "Bu"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *bóa; Norwegian",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "boa"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *babbi",
"tags": [
"Faroese"
],
"word": "babba"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *babbi; Icelandic",
"word": "babbi"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *babbi; Swedish",
"word": "babbe"
},
{
"sense": "Old Norse: *babbi; Swedish",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "bobbe"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": ">? Proto-Germanic: *baswôProto-West Germanic: *baswōOld Frisian: *basa"
},
{
"english": "possibly borrowed from Middle Low German",
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "basSaterland Frisian: BoasWest Frisian: baes"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "baasOld Saxon: *basoMiddle Low German: bāsLow German: BasGerman Low German: Baas→ German: Bas"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "Baß"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "Baas→ Danish: bas→ Swedish: bas→ Norwegian: basOld Dutch: *basoMiddle Dutch: baesDutch: baasAfrikaans: baas→ English: baasNegerhollands: baas"
},
{
"english": "boss",
"roman": "boseu",
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "baes→ Lokono: basia→ Aukan: basi→ Belizean Creole: baas→ Caribbean Hindustani: bás→ Caribbean Javanese: bas→ English: boss→ Cantonese: 波士→ Danish: boss→ French: boss→ Indonesian: bos→ Italian: boss→ Japanese: ボス→ Korean: 보스→ Guyanese Creole English: baas→ Indonesian: bas→ Petjo: bas→ Jamaican Creole: baas→ Kwinti: basia→ Papiamentu: bas"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "baas"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted",
"word": "ba→ Saramaccan: bási→ Sranan Tongo: basi→ Kari'na: ba`si→ Trió: paasi→ West Frisian: baasWest Flemish: baos→ French: bausse"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "batis",
"3": "",
"4": "father, dad, friend"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian batis (“father, dad, friend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*batę",
"t": "older male relative or brother, dad"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *batę (“older male relative or brother, dad”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "ба́тя",
"t": "dad"
},
"expansion": "Russian ба́тя (bátja, “dad”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-, *bʰāt- (“father, (elder) brother”). Cognate with Lithuanian batis (“father, dad, friend”), Proto-Slavic *batę (“older male relative or brother, dad”) (whence Russian ба́тя (bátja, “dad”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bōbō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bōl-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bōj-",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bō-",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"A stem meaning father, brother, close male relation."
],
"links": [
[
"father",
"father"
],
[
"brother",
"brother"
],
[
"relation",
"relation"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ba-"
}
],
"word": "bō-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bō- meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.