See askǭ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for askǭ meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*askā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *askā\nOld English: æsce, asċe, axe, acse, ahse, axse, æxe\nMiddle English: asshe, axe, aske, ash, assche, aysshe, asche, aisshe, asske, acxe, ass, esche, esk, eshe\nEnglish: ash\nScots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis\nYola: ashen, oaskean (plural)\nOld Frisian: *aske, *eske\nSaterland Frisian: Ääske\nWest Frisian: jiske\nOld Saxon: aska\nMiddle Low German: asche\nGerman Low German: Asch\nPlautdietsch: Ausch\nOld Dutch: *aska\nMiddle Dutch: asche\nDutch: as\nAfrikaans: as\nBerbice Creole Dutch: asi\nNegerhollands: haschěsis, hassesje, assche, ašiši, hašiši, haši, babaši, aschies, assisje, az\nOld High German: asca, aska\nMiddle High German: asche\nAlemannic German: Äsche\nCimbrian: èssa\nGerman: Asche\nLuxembourgish: Äsch\nVilamovian: oś\nYiddish: אַש (ash)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *askā\nOld English: æsce, asċe, axe, acse, ahse, axse, æxe\nMiddle English: asshe, axe, aske, ash, assche, aysshe, asche, aisshe, asske, acxe, ass, esche, esk, eshe\nEnglish: ash\nScots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis\nYola: ashen, oaskean (plural)\nOld Frisian: *aske, *eske\nSaterland Frisian: Ääske\nWest Frisian: jiske\nOld Saxon: aska\nMiddle Low German: asche\nGerman Low German: Asch\nPlautdietsch: Ausch\nOld Dutch: *aska\nMiddle Dutch: asche\nDutch: as\nAfrikaans: as\nBerbice Creole Dutch: asi\nNegerhollands: haschěsis, hassesje, assche, ašiši, hašiši, haši, babaši, aschies, assisje, az\nOld High German: asca, aska\nMiddle High German: asche\nAlemannic German: Äsche\nCimbrian: èssa\nGerman: Asche\nLuxembourgish: Äsch\nVilamovian: oś\nYiddish: אַש (ash)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "aska"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: aska\nIcelandic: aska\nFaroese: øska\nNorwegian:\nBokmål: aske\nNynorsk: oske, oska\nOld Swedish: aska\nSwedish: aska\nOld Danish: askæ\nDanish: aske",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: aska\nIcelandic: aska\nFaroese: øska\nNorwegian:\nBokmål: aske\nNynorsk: oske, oska\nOld Swedish: aska\nSwedish: aska\nOld Danish: askæ\nDanish: aske"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*ahku",
"3": "*aho",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ahku, *aho",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ahku, *aho (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eHs-",
"4": "*h₂e(H)s-",
"5": "to dry, burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂e(H)s- (“to dry, burn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "աճիւն",
"t": "ashes"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian աճիւն (ačiwn, “ashes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ed-",
"3": "",
"4": "to dry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed- (“to dry”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒀀𒋾",
"tr": "ḫa-a-ti",
"ts": "ḫāti"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾 (ḫa-a-ti /ḫāti/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄζω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄζω (ázō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ozd"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ozd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ozditi",
"3": "",
"4": "to dry malt"
},
"expansion": "Czech ozditi (“to dry malt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₂e(H)s- (“to dry, burn”), with an uncertain suffix; compare Old Armenian աճիւն (ačiwn, “ashes”). In view of the voiced cluster in Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō), Kroonen suggests a compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed- (“to dry”) + *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”), the first element of which is based on Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾 (ḫa-a-ti /ḫāti/) and Ancient Greek ἄζω (ázō), both “to dry up”. Compare also Old Polish ozd, Czech ozditi (“to dry malt”), which could point to a root *h₂esd- or compound *h₂(H)s-d-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "askǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "askǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "askōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "askōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "askōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "askōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "askōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/askǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ash, ashes"
],
"id": "en-askǭ-gem-pro-noun-5sDwTZt8",
"links": [
[
"ash",
"ash"
],
[
"ashes",
"ashes"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑs.kɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "askǭ"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*askā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *askā\nOld English: æsce, asċe, axe, acse, ahse, axse, æxe\nMiddle English: asshe, axe, aske, ash, assche, aysshe, asche, aisshe, asske, acxe, ass, esche, esk, eshe\nEnglish: ash\nScots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis\nYola: ashen, oaskean (plural)\nOld Frisian: *aske, *eske\nSaterland Frisian: Ääske\nWest Frisian: jiske\nOld Saxon: aska\nMiddle Low German: asche\nGerman Low German: Asch\nPlautdietsch: Ausch\nOld Dutch: *aska\nMiddle Dutch: asche\nDutch: as\nAfrikaans: as\nBerbice Creole Dutch: asi\nNegerhollands: haschěsis, hassesje, assche, ašiši, hašiši, haši, babaši, aschies, assisje, az\nOld High German: asca, aska\nMiddle High German: asche\nAlemannic German: Äsche\nCimbrian: èssa\nGerman: Asche\nLuxembourgish: Äsch\nVilamovian: oś\nYiddish: אַש (ash)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *askā\nOld English: æsce, asċe, axe, acse, ahse, axse, æxe\nMiddle English: asshe, axe, aske, ash, assche, aysshe, asche, aisshe, asske, acxe, ass, esche, esk, eshe\nEnglish: ash\nScots: ess, asch, ais, as, askis\nYola: ashen, oaskean (plural)\nOld Frisian: *aske, *eske\nSaterland Frisian: Ääske\nWest Frisian: jiske\nOld Saxon: aska\nMiddle Low German: asche\nGerman Low German: Asch\nPlautdietsch: Ausch\nOld Dutch: *aska\nMiddle Dutch: asche\nDutch: as\nAfrikaans: as\nBerbice Creole Dutch: asi\nNegerhollands: haschěsis, hassesje, assche, ašiši, hašiši, haši, babaši, aschies, assisje, az\nOld High German: asca, aska\nMiddle High German: asche\nAlemannic German: Äsche\nCimbrian: èssa\nGerman: Asche\nLuxembourgish: Äsch\nVilamovian: oś\nYiddish: אַש (ash)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "aska"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: aska\nIcelandic: aska\nFaroese: øska\nNorwegian:\nBokmål: aske\nNynorsk: oske, oska\nOld Swedish: aska\nSwedish: aska\nOld Danish: askæ\nDanish: aske",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: aska\nIcelandic: aska\nFaroese: øska\nNorwegian:\nBokmål: aske\nNynorsk: oske, oska\nOld Swedish: aska\nSwedish: aska\nOld Danish: askæ\nDanish: aske"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*ahku",
"3": "*aho",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ahku, *aho",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *ahku, *aho (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eHs-",
"4": "*h₂e(H)s-",
"5": "to dry, burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂e(H)s- (“to dry, burn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "աճիւն",
"t": "ashes"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian աճիւն (ačiwn, “ashes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ed-",
"3": "",
"4": "to dry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed- (“to dry”)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄩𒀀𒋾",
"tr": "ḫa-a-ti",
"ts": "ḫāti"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾 (ḫa-a-ti /ḫāti/)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄζω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄζω (ázō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "ozd"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish ozd",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "ozditi",
"3": "",
"4": "to dry malt"
},
"expansion": "Czech ozditi (“to dry malt”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Usually connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₂e(H)s- (“to dry, burn”), with an uncertain suffix; compare Old Armenian աճիւն (ačiwn, “ashes”). In view of the voiced cluster in Gothic 𐌰𐌶𐌲𐍉 (azgō), Kroonen suggests a compound of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed- (“to dry”) + *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”), the first element of which is based on Hittite 𒄩𒀀𒋾 (ḫa-a-ti /ḫāti/) and Ancient Greek ἄζω (ázō), both “to dry up”. Compare also Old Polish ozd, Czech ozditi (“to dry malt”), which could point to a root *h₂esd- or compound *h₂(H)s-d-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "askǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "askǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "askōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "askōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "askōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "askōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "askōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "askōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/askǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"ash, ashes"
],
"links": [
[
"ash",
"ash"
],
[
"ashes",
"ashes"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑs.kɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "askǭ"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.