See anda- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*anda-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *anda-\nOld English: and-, an-, ond-, on-\nEnglish: an-, and-, on-, un-\nOld Frisian: *and-, und-, ant-\nSaterland Frisian: änt-\nWest Frisian: unt-, ûnt, ûnd\nOld Saxon: and-\nMiddle Low German: ent-\nGerman Low German: ent-\nOld Dutch: ant-\nMiddle Dutch: ont-, ant-\nDutch: ont-\nAfrikaans: ont-\nOld High German: ant-, anta-, int-\nMiddle High German: ent-, -int-, ant-\nGerman: ent-, emp-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *anda-\nOld English: and-, an-, ond-, on-\nEnglish: an-, and-, on-, un-\nOld Frisian: *and-, und-, ant-\nSaterland Frisian: änt-\nWest Frisian: unt-, ûnt, ûnd\nOld Saxon: and-\nMiddle Low German: ent-\nGerman Low German: ent-\nOld Dutch: ant-\nMiddle Dutch: ont-, ant-\nDutch: ont-\nAfrikaans: ont-\nOld High German: ant-, anta-, int-\nMiddle High German: ent-, -int-, ant-\nGerman: ent-, emp-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "and-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: and-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: and-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "and-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: and-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: and-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "and-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: and-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: and-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰-",
"3": "𐌰𐌽𐌳-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰- (anda-), 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰- (anda-), 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*and-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *and-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *and-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ent-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*ā́ntë",
"3": "",
"4": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *ā́ntë (“in front of”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌽𐌳"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳 (and)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pre-Germanic *h₂entó-, a combining form or allative formation from the Proto-Indo-European root noun *h₂énts. Cognate with Proto-Tocharian *ā́ntë (“in front of”).\nCompare Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳 (and), which may preserve the original preposition *anda (or similar).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/anda-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "andi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 18 0 18 0 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 12 0 12 0 31 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 0 22 0 25 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"facing"
],
"id": "en-anda--gem-pro-prefix-sxnGF3Sw",
"links": [
[
"facing",
"facing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 18 0 18 0 27 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 12 0 12 0 31 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 22 0 22 0 25 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against, opposing"
],
"id": "en-anda--gem-pro-prefix-BmLHN2SH",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"opposing",
"opposing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"un-, de-"
],
"id": "en-anda--gem-pro-prefix-Ze45qlRE",
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"de-",
"de-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑn.dɑ/"
}
],
"word": "anda-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic prefixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ent-"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*anda-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *anda-\nOld English: and-, an-, ond-, on-\nEnglish: an-, and-, on-, un-\nOld Frisian: *and-, und-, ant-\nSaterland Frisian: änt-\nWest Frisian: unt-, ûnt, ûnd\nOld Saxon: and-\nMiddle Low German: ent-\nGerman Low German: ent-\nOld Dutch: ant-\nMiddle Dutch: ont-, ant-\nDutch: ont-\nAfrikaans: ont-\nOld High German: ant-, anta-, int-\nMiddle High German: ent-, -int-, ant-\nGerman: ent-, emp-",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *anda-\nOld English: and-, an-, ond-, on-\nEnglish: an-, and-, on-, un-\nOld Frisian: *and-, und-, ant-\nSaterland Frisian: änt-\nWest Frisian: unt-, ûnt, ûnd\nOld Saxon: and-\nMiddle Low German: ent-\nGerman Low German: ent-\nOld Dutch: ant-\nMiddle Dutch: ont-, ant-\nDutch: ont-\nAfrikaans: ont-\nOld High German: ant-, anta-, int-\nMiddle High German: ent-, -int-, ant-\nGerman: ent-, emp-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "and-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: and-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: and-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "and-"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: and-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: and-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "and-"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: and-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: and-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰-",
"3": "𐌰𐌽𐌳-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰- (anda-), 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰- (anda-), 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvn",
"2": "*and-"
},
"expansion": "Vandalic: *and-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vandalic: *and-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂ent-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*ā́ntë",
"3": "",
"4": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian *ā́ntë (“in front of”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌰𐌽𐌳"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳 (and)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From pre-Germanic *h₂entó-, a combining form or allative formation from the Proto-Indo-European root noun *h₂énts. Cognate with Proto-Tocharian *ā́ntë (“in front of”).\nCompare Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳 (and), which may preserve the original preposition *anda (or similar).",
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/anda-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "andi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"facing"
],
"links": [
[
"facing",
"facing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"against, opposing"
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
],
[
"opposing",
"opposing"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"un-, de-"
],
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"de-",
"de-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɑn.dɑ/"
}
],
"word": "anda-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for anda- meaning in Proto-Germanic (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.