"aibraz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See aibraz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɑi̯.βrɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“sharp, severe, astringent”). Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian aibrùmas (“waters in the mouth”). Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₂eybʰros||sharp, severe, astringent}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“sharp, severe, astringent”), {{cog|lt|aibrùmas||waters in the mouth}} Lithuanian aibrùmas (“waters in the mouth”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|aibr}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*aibraz|*aibranǭ|*aibras, -is|*aibrammai|*aibranō|*aibrai|*aibranz|*aibraizǫ̂|*aibraimaz|*aibraimiz|*aibrō|*aibrǭ|*aibraizōz|*aibraizōi|*aibraizō|*aibrôz|*aibrōz|*aibraizǫ̂|*aibraimaz|*aibraimiz|*aibrą, -atō|*aibrą, -atō|*aibras, -is|*aibrammai|*aibranō|*aibrō|*aibrō|*aibraizǫ̂|*aibraimaz|*aibraimiz|*aibrô|*aibranų|*aibriniz|*aibrini|*aibrinē|*aibraniz|*aibranunz|*aibranǫ̂|*aibrammaz|*aibrammiz|*aibrǭ|*aibrōnų|*aibrōniz|*aibrōni|*aibrōnē|*aibrōniz|*aibrōnunz|*aibrōnǫ̂|*aibrōmaz|*aibrōmiz|*aibrô|*aibrô|*aibriniz|*aibrini|*aibrinē|*aibrōnō|*aibrōnō|*aibranǫ̂|*aibrammaz|*aibrammiz|title=*aibraz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], aibraz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], aibrai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], aibrō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], aibrôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], aibrą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], aibrō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], aibranǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], aibranz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], aibrǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], aibrōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], aibrą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], aibrō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], aibras [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], aibraizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], aibraizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], aibraizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], aibras [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], aibraizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], aibrammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], aibraimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], aibraizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], aibraimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], aibrammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], aibraimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], aibranō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], aibraimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], aibraizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], aibraimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], aibranō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], aibraimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], aibrô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], aibraniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], aibrǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], aibrōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], aibrô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], aibrōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], aibranų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], aibranunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], aibrōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], aibrōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], aibrô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], aibrōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], aibriniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], aibranǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], aibrōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], aibrōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], aibriniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], aibranǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], aibrini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], aibrammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], aibrōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], aibrōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], aibrini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], aibrammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], aibrinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], aibrammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], aibrōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], aibrōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], aibrinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], aibrammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. sharp, bitter Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-aibraz-gem-pro-adj-9iUOodHj
  2. vehement, dire Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-aibraz-gem-pro-adj-YK7aN3M4
  3. violent Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-aibraz-gem-pro-adj-hvuKLNH5 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0 100 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 4 4 92
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: aibrą, aibrį̄ 
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "aibrą"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "aibrį̄"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*aibr"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *aibr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *aibr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "ābor",
            "3": "āfor"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: ābor, āfor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: ābor, āfor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "aver",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: aver",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: aver"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "eibar",
            "3": "eivar",
            "4": "eifar",
            "5": "aipar",
            "6": "eipar",
            "7": "eiber",
            "8": "eiver",
            "9": "eifir"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: eibar, eivar, eifar, aipar, eipar, eiber, eiver, eifir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: eibar, eivar, eifar, aipar, eipar, eiber, eiver, eifir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "æfr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: æfr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: æfr (possibly also from *abraz)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "æfur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: æfur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: æfur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃 (aifrs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃 (aifrs)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "affre",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Occitan: affre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Occitan: affre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "affre",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle French: affre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle French: affre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "affres"
          },
          "expansion": "French: affres",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: affres"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂eybʰros",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sharp, severe, astringent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“sharp, severe, astringent”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "aibrùmas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "waters in the mouth"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian aibrùmas (“waters in the mouth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“sharp, severe, astringent”). Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian aibrùmas (“waters in the mouth”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aibr"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*aibraz",
        "10": "*aibraimiz",
        "11": "*aibrō",
        "12": "*aibrǭ",
        "13": "*aibraizōz",
        "14": "*aibraizōi",
        "15": "*aibraizō",
        "16": "*aibrôz",
        "17": "*aibrōz",
        "18": "*aibraizǫ̂",
        "19": "*aibraimaz",
        "2": "*aibranǭ",
        "20": "*aibraimiz",
        "21": "*aibrą, -atō",
        "22": "*aibrą, -atō",
        "23": "*aibras, -is",
        "24": "*aibrammai",
        "25": "*aibranō",
        "26": "*aibrō",
        "27": "*aibrō",
        "28": "*aibraizǫ̂",
        "29": "*aibraimaz",
        "3": "*aibras, -is",
        "30": "*aibraimiz",
        "31": "*aibrô",
        "32": "*aibranų",
        "33": "*aibriniz",
        "34": "*aibrini",
        "35": "*aibrinē",
        "36": "*aibraniz",
        "37": "*aibranunz",
        "38": "*aibranǫ̂",
        "39": "*aibrammaz",
        "4": "*aibrammai",
        "40": "*aibrammiz",
        "41": "*aibrǭ",
        "42": "*aibrōnų",
        "43": "*aibrōniz",
        "44": "*aibrōni",
        "45": "*aibrōnē",
        "46": "*aibrōniz",
        "47": "*aibrōnunz",
        "48": "*aibrōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*aibrōmaz",
        "5": "*aibranō",
        "50": "*aibrōmiz",
        "51": "*aibrô",
        "52": "*aibrô",
        "53": "*aibriniz",
        "54": "*aibrini",
        "55": "*aibrinē",
        "56": "*aibrōnō",
        "57": "*aibrōnō",
        "58": "*aibranǫ̂",
        "59": "*aibrammaz",
        "6": "*aibrai",
        "60": "*aibrammiz",
        "7": "*aibranz",
        "8": "*aibraizǫ̂",
        "9": "*aibraimaz",
        "title": "*aibraz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aibraz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sharp, bitter"
      ],
      "id": "en-aibraz-gem-pro-adj-9iUOodHj",
      "links": [
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "vehement, dire"
      ],
      "id": "en-aibraz-gem-pro-adj-YK7aN3M4",
      "links": [
        [
          "vehement",
          "vehement"
        ],
        [
          "dire",
          "dire"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "violent"
      ],
      "id": "en-aibraz-gem-pro-adj-hvuKLNH5",
      "links": [
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɑi̯.βrɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "aibraz"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "aibrą"
    },
    {
      "word": "aibrį̄"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*aibr"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *aibr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *aibr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "ābor",
            "3": "āfor"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: ābor, āfor",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: ābor, āfor"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "aver",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Dutch: aver",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Dutch: aver"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "eibar",
            "3": "eivar",
            "4": "eifar",
            "5": "aipar",
            "6": "eipar",
            "7": "eiber",
            "8": "eiver",
            "9": "eifir"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: eibar, eivar, eifar, aipar, eipar, eiber, eiver, eifir",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: eibar, eivar, eifar, aipar, eipar, eiber, eiver, eifir"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "æfr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: æfr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: æfr (possibly also from *abraz)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "æfur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: æfur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: æfur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃 (aifrs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌰𐌹𐍆𐍂𐍃 (aifrs)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pro",
            "2": "affre",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Occitan: affre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Occitan: affre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frm",
            "2": "affre",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle French: affre",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle French: affre"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "affres"
          },
          "expansion": "French: affres",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: affres"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂eybʰros",
        "4": "",
        "5": "sharp, severe, astringent"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“sharp, severe, astringent”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "aibrùmas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "waters in the mouth"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian aibrùmas (“waters in the mouth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eybʰros (“sharp, severe, astringent”). Cognate with dialectal Lithuanian aibrùmas (“waters in the mouth”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibras",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibraniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibriniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibranǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aibrammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aibr"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*aibraz",
        "10": "*aibraimiz",
        "11": "*aibrō",
        "12": "*aibrǭ",
        "13": "*aibraizōz",
        "14": "*aibraizōi",
        "15": "*aibraizō",
        "16": "*aibrôz",
        "17": "*aibrōz",
        "18": "*aibraizǫ̂",
        "19": "*aibraimaz",
        "2": "*aibranǭ",
        "20": "*aibraimiz",
        "21": "*aibrą, -atō",
        "22": "*aibrą, -atō",
        "23": "*aibras, -is",
        "24": "*aibrammai",
        "25": "*aibranō",
        "26": "*aibrō",
        "27": "*aibrō",
        "28": "*aibraizǫ̂",
        "29": "*aibraimaz",
        "3": "*aibras, -is",
        "30": "*aibraimiz",
        "31": "*aibrô",
        "32": "*aibranų",
        "33": "*aibriniz",
        "34": "*aibrini",
        "35": "*aibrinē",
        "36": "*aibraniz",
        "37": "*aibranunz",
        "38": "*aibranǫ̂",
        "39": "*aibrammaz",
        "4": "*aibrammai",
        "40": "*aibrammiz",
        "41": "*aibrǭ",
        "42": "*aibrōnų",
        "43": "*aibrōniz",
        "44": "*aibrōni",
        "45": "*aibrōnē",
        "46": "*aibrōniz",
        "47": "*aibrōnunz",
        "48": "*aibrōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*aibrōmaz",
        "5": "*aibranō",
        "50": "*aibrōmiz",
        "51": "*aibrô",
        "52": "*aibrô",
        "53": "*aibriniz",
        "54": "*aibrini",
        "55": "*aibrinē",
        "56": "*aibrōnō",
        "57": "*aibrōnō",
        "58": "*aibranǫ̂",
        "59": "*aibrammaz",
        "6": "*aibrai",
        "60": "*aibrammiz",
        "7": "*aibranz",
        "8": "*aibraizǫ̂",
        "9": "*aibraimaz",
        "title": "*aibraz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aibraz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "sharp, bitter"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sharp",
          "sharp"
        ],
        [
          "bitter",
          "bitter"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "vehement, dire"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "vehement",
          "vehement"
        ],
        [
          "dire",
          "dire"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "violent"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "violent",
          "violent"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɑi̯.βrɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "aibraz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for aibraz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.2kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.