"abuhaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See abuhaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈɑ.βu.xɑz/
Etymology: From Pre-Germanic *ápōkʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂époh₃kʷos, with alteration based on adjectives in *-ugaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó and Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (ápāñc, “located backwards, behind”), Serbo-Croatian ȍpāk (“wicked, evil”). Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*h₂époh₃kʷos}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂époh₃kʷos, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₂epó}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*h₃ekʷ-}} Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-, {{cog|sa|अपाञ्च्||located backwards, behind|tr=ápāñc}} Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (ápāñc, “located backwards, behind”), {{cog|sh|ȍpāk||wicked, evil}} Serbo-Croatian ȍpāk (“wicked, evil”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|abuh}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*abuhaz|*abuhanǭ|*abuhas, -is|*abuhammai|*abuhanō|*abuhai|*abuhanz|*abuhaizǫ̂|*abuhaimaz|*abuhaimiz|*abuhō|*abuhǭ|*abuhaizōz|*abuhaizōi|*abuhaizō|*abuhôz|*abuhōz|*abuhaizǫ̂|*abuhaimaz|*abuhaimiz|*abuhą, -atō|*abuhą, -atō|*abuhas, -is|*abuhammai|*abuhanō|*abuhō|*abuhō|*abuhaizǫ̂|*abuhaimaz|*abuhaimiz|*abuhô|*abuhanų|*abuhiniz|*abuhini|*abuhinē|*abuhaniz|*abuhanunz|*abuhanǫ̂|*abuhammaz|*abuhammiz|*abuhǭ|*abuhōnų|*abuhōniz|*abuhōni|*abuhōnē|*abuhōniz|*abuhōnunz|*abuhōnǫ̂|*abuhōmaz|*abuhōmiz|*abuhô|*abuhô|*abuhiniz|*abuhini|*abuhinē|*abuhōnō|*abuhōnō|*abuhanǫ̂|*abuhammaz|*abuhammiz|title=*abuhaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], abuhaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], abuhai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], abuhō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], abuhôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], abuhą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], abuhō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], abuhanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], abuhanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], abuhǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], abuhōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], abuhą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], abuhō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], abuhas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], abuhaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], abuhaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], abuhaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], abuhas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], abuhaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], abuhammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], abuhaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], abuhaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], abuhaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], abuhammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], abuhaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], abuhanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], abuhaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], abuhaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], abuhaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], abuhanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], abuhaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], abuhô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], abuhaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], abuhǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], abuhōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], abuhô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], abuhōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], abuhanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], abuhanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], abuhōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], abuhōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], abuhô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], abuhōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], abuhiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], abuhanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], abuhōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], abuhōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], abuhiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], abuhanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], abuhini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], abuhammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], abuhōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], abuhōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], abuhini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], abuhammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], abuhinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], abuhammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], abuhōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], abuhōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], abuhinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], abuhammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. turned the wrong way, inverted Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-abuhaz-gem-pro-adj-oNSdar11 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 87 13 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 86 14
  2. wicked, bad Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-abuhaz-gem-pro-adj-cjO1qI5O
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "abuh"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: abuh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: abuh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "abuh"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: abuh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: abuh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "ebich"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: ebich",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: ebich"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "äbich"
          },
          "expansion": "German: äbich",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: äbich"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "ǫfugr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: ǫfugr, ǫfigr, afigr\nIcelandic: öfugur\nNorwegian: avig, avug, ovug\nOld Swedish: avigher, avugher, avogher\nSwedish: avig, avog, avot\nOld Danish:\nDanish: avet\n→ English: awk",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: ǫfugr, ǫfigr, afigr\nIcelandic: öfugur\nNorwegian: avig, avug, ovug\nOld Swedish: avigher, avugher, avogher\nSwedish: avig, avog, avot\nOld Danish:\nDanish: avet\n→ English: awk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌺𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌺𐍃 (ibuks)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌺𐍃 (ibuks)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₂époh₃kʷos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂époh₃kʷos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂epó"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃ekʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अपाञ्च्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "located backwards, behind",
        "tr": "ápāñc"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (ápāñc, “located backwards, behind”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "ȍpāk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wicked, evil"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ȍpāk (“wicked, evil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *ápōkʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂époh₃kʷos, with alteration based on adjectives in *-ugaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó and Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (ápāñc, “located backwards, behind”), Serbo-Croatian ȍpāk (“wicked, evil”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abuh"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*abuhaz",
        "10": "*abuhaimiz",
        "11": "*abuhō",
        "12": "*abuhǭ",
        "13": "*abuhaizōz",
        "14": "*abuhaizōi",
        "15": "*abuhaizō",
        "16": "*abuhôz",
        "17": "*abuhōz",
        "18": "*abuhaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*abuhaimaz",
        "2": "*abuhanǭ",
        "20": "*abuhaimiz",
        "21": "*abuhą, -atō",
        "22": "*abuhą, -atō",
        "23": "*abuhas, -is",
        "24": "*abuhammai",
        "25": "*abuhanō",
        "26": "*abuhō",
        "27": "*abuhō",
        "28": "*abuhaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*abuhaimaz",
        "3": "*abuhas, -is",
        "30": "*abuhaimiz",
        "31": "*abuhô",
        "32": "*abuhanų",
        "33": "*abuhiniz",
        "34": "*abuhini",
        "35": "*abuhinē",
        "36": "*abuhaniz",
        "37": "*abuhanunz",
        "38": "*abuhanǫ̂",
        "39": "*abuhammaz",
        "4": "*abuhammai",
        "40": "*abuhammiz",
        "41": "*abuhǭ",
        "42": "*abuhōnų",
        "43": "*abuhōniz",
        "44": "*abuhōni",
        "45": "*abuhōnē",
        "46": "*abuhōniz",
        "47": "*abuhōnunz",
        "48": "*abuhōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*abuhōmaz",
        "5": "*abuhanō",
        "50": "*abuhōmiz",
        "51": "*abuhô",
        "52": "*abuhô",
        "53": "*abuhiniz",
        "54": "*abuhini",
        "55": "*abuhinē",
        "56": "*abuhōnō",
        "57": "*abuhōnō",
        "58": "*abuhanǫ̂",
        "59": "*abuhammaz",
        "6": "*abuhai",
        "60": "*abuhammiz",
        "7": "*abuhanz",
        "8": "*abuhaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*abuhaimaz",
        "title": "*abuhaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/abuhaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "87 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "turned the wrong way, inverted"
      ],
      "id": "en-abuhaz-gem-pro-adj-oNSdar11",
      "links": [
        [
          "turned",
          "turned"
        ],
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong"
        ],
        [
          "inverted",
          "inverted"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wicked, bad"
      ],
      "id": "en-abuhaz-gem-pro-adj-cjO1qI5O",
      "links": [
        [
          "wicked",
          "wicked"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɑ.βu.xɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "abuhaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "abuh"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: abuh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: abuh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "abuh"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: abuh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: abuh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "ebich"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: ebich",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: ebich"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "äbich"
          },
          "expansion": "German: äbich",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: äbich"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "ǫfugr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: ǫfugr, ǫfigr, afigr\nIcelandic: öfugur\nNorwegian: avig, avug, ovug\nOld Swedish: avigher, avugher, avogher\nSwedish: avig, avog, avot\nOld Danish:\nDanish: avet\n→ English: awk",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: ǫfugr, ǫfigr, afigr\nIcelandic: öfugur\nNorwegian: avig, avug, ovug\nOld Swedish: avigher, avugher, avogher\nSwedish: avig, avog, avot\nOld Danish:\nDanish: avet\n→ English: awk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌺𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌺𐍃 (ibuks)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌹𐌱𐌿𐌺𐍃 (ibuks)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*h₂époh₃kʷos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂époh₃kʷos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂epó"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₃ekʷ-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "अपाञ्च्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "located backwards, behind",
        "tr": "ápāñc"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (ápāñc, “located backwards, behind”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sh",
        "2": "ȍpāk",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wicked, evil"
      },
      "expansion": "Serbo-Croatian ȍpāk (“wicked, evil”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *ápōkʷos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂époh₃kʷos, with alteration based on adjectives in *-ugaz. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó and Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ-. Cognate with Sanskrit अपाञ्च् (ápāñc, “located backwards, behind”), Serbo-Croatian ȍpāk (“wicked, evil”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "abuhammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "abuh"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*abuhaz",
        "10": "*abuhaimiz",
        "11": "*abuhō",
        "12": "*abuhǭ",
        "13": "*abuhaizōz",
        "14": "*abuhaizōi",
        "15": "*abuhaizō",
        "16": "*abuhôz",
        "17": "*abuhōz",
        "18": "*abuhaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*abuhaimaz",
        "2": "*abuhanǭ",
        "20": "*abuhaimiz",
        "21": "*abuhą, -atō",
        "22": "*abuhą, -atō",
        "23": "*abuhas, -is",
        "24": "*abuhammai",
        "25": "*abuhanō",
        "26": "*abuhō",
        "27": "*abuhō",
        "28": "*abuhaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*abuhaimaz",
        "3": "*abuhas, -is",
        "30": "*abuhaimiz",
        "31": "*abuhô",
        "32": "*abuhanų",
        "33": "*abuhiniz",
        "34": "*abuhini",
        "35": "*abuhinē",
        "36": "*abuhaniz",
        "37": "*abuhanunz",
        "38": "*abuhanǫ̂",
        "39": "*abuhammaz",
        "4": "*abuhammai",
        "40": "*abuhammiz",
        "41": "*abuhǭ",
        "42": "*abuhōnų",
        "43": "*abuhōniz",
        "44": "*abuhōni",
        "45": "*abuhōnē",
        "46": "*abuhōniz",
        "47": "*abuhōnunz",
        "48": "*abuhōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*abuhōmaz",
        "5": "*abuhanō",
        "50": "*abuhōmiz",
        "51": "*abuhô",
        "52": "*abuhô",
        "53": "*abuhiniz",
        "54": "*abuhini",
        "55": "*abuhinē",
        "56": "*abuhōnō",
        "57": "*abuhōnō",
        "58": "*abuhanǫ̂",
        "59": "*abuhammaz",
        "6": "*abuhai",
        "60": "*abuhammiz",
        "7": "*abuhanz",
        "8": "*abuhaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*abuhaimaz",
        "title": "*abuhaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/abuhaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "turned the wrong way, inverted"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "turned",
          "turned"
        ],
        [
          "wrong",
          "wrong"
        ],
        [
          "inverted",
          "inverted"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "wicked, bad"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "wicked",
          "wicked"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɑ.βu.xɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "abuhaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for abuhaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.