See -iþō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-iþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-iþu\nOld English: -þ, -þu, -þo, -t, -to\nMiddle English: -the, -ðe, -ðhe, -eth, -ethe, -ith, -ithe, -th, -þ, -þe, -yth, -t, -te (following fricatives)\nEnglish: -th, -t\nScots: -th, -t\nOld Frisian: -ithe, -te\nSaterland Frisian: -te\nWest Frisian: -te\nOld Saxon: -itha\nMiddle Low German: -ede, -de, -te\nLow German: -de, -te\n→ German: -te\nOld Dutch: -itha\nMiddle Dutch: -ede, -de, -te\nDutch: -te, -de\nOld High German: -ida\nMiddle High German: -ede\nGerman: -de (rare, not productive)\nLuxembourgish: -t",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-iþu\nOld English: -þ, -þu, -þo, -t, -to\nMiddle English: -the, -ðe, -ðhe, -eth, -ethe, -ith, -ithe, -th, -þ, -þe, -yth, -t, -te (following fricatives)\nEnglish: -th, -t\nScots: -th, -t\nOld Frisian: -ithe, -te\nSaterland Frisian: -te\nWest Frisian: -te\nOld Saxon: -itha\nMiddle Low German: -ede, -de, -te\nLow German: -de, -te\n→ German: -te\nOld Dutch: -itha\nMiddle Dutch: -ede, -de, -te\nDutch: -te, -de\nOld High German: -ida\nMiddle High German: -ede\nGerman: -de (rare, not productive)\nLuxembourgish: -t"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ð"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -ð, -d, -t\nIcelandic: -ð, -d, -t\nFaroese: -d\nSwedish: -d\nDanish: -de\nNorwegian: -de, -d",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -ð, -d, -t\nIcelandic: -ð, -d, -t\nFaroese: -d\nSwedish: -d\nDanish: -de\nNorwegian: -de, -d"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐌸𐌰",
"3": "-𐌹𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌹𐌸𐌰 (-iþa), -𐌹𐌳𐌰 (-ida)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌹𐌸𐌰 (-iþa), -𐌹𐌳𐌰 (-ida)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iteh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "-th"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂ (“-th”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂ (“-th”), *-teh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-iþō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-ness, -th. Forms abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns."
],
"id": "en--iþō-gem-pro-noun--cwhnAH7",
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness"
],
[
"-th",
"-th"
],
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
],
[
"verbs",
"verbs#English"
],
[
"adjectives",
"adjectives#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.θɔː/"
}
],
"word": "-iþō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*-iþu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *-iþu\nOld English: -þ, -þu, -þo, -t, -to\nMiddle English: -the, -ðe, -ðhe, -eth, -ethe, -ith, -ithe, -th, -þ, -þe, -yth, -t, -te (following fricatives)\nEnglish: -th, -t\nScots: -th, -t\nOld Frisian: -ithe, -te\nSaterland Frisian: -te\nWest Frisian: -te\nOld Saxon: -itha\nMiddle Low German: -ede, -de, -te\nLow German: -de, -te\n→ German: -te\nOld Dutch: -itha\nMiddle Dutch: -ede, -de, -te\nDutch: -te, -de\nOld High German: -ida\nMiddle High German: -ede\nGerman: -de (rare, not productive)\nLuxembourgish: -t",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *-iþu\nOld English: -þ, -þu, -þo, -t, -to\nMiddle English: -the, -ðe, -ðhe, -eth, -ethe, -ith, -ithe, -th, -þ, -þe, -yth, -t, -te (following fricatives)\nEnglish: -th, -t\nScots: -th, -t\nOld Frisian: -ithe, -te\nSaterland Frisian: -te\nWest Frisian: -te\nOld Saxon: -itha\nMiddle Low German: -ede, -de, -te\nLow German: -de, -te\n→ German: -te\nOld Dutch: -itha\nMiddle Dutch: -ede, -de, -te\nDutch: -te, -de\nOld High German: -ida\nMiddle High German: -ede\nGerman: -de (rare, not productive)\nLuxembourgish: -t"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "-ð"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: -ð, -d, -t\nIcelandic: -ð, -d, -t\nFaroese: -d\nSwedish: -d\nDanish: -de\nNorwegian: -de, -d",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: -ð, -d, -t\nIcelandic: -ð, -d, -t\nFaroese: -d\nSwedish: -d\nDanish: -de\nNorwegian: -de, -d"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌹𐌸𐌰",
"3": "-𐌹𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌹𐌸𐌰 (-iþa), -𐌹𐌳𐌰 (-ida)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌹𐌸𐌰 (-iþa), -𐌹𐌳𐌰 (-ida)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-iteh₂",
"4": "",
"5": "-th"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂ (“-th”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-iteh₂ (“-th”), *-teh₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-iþōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-iþō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"-ness, -th. Forms abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"-ness",
"-ness"
],
[
"-th",
"-th"
],
[
"nouns",
"nouns#English"
],
[
"verbs",
"verbs#English"
],
[
"adjectives",
"adjectives#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/i.θɔː/"
}
],
"word": "-iþō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -iþō meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.