-þwō in Proto-Germanic

IPA: /θwɔː/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *-tuh₂, *-tweh₂. Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*-tuh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *-tuh₂ Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -þwō [nominative, singular], -þwôz [nominative, plural], -þwō [singular, vocative], -þwôz [plural, vocative], -þwǭ [accusative, singular], -þwōz [accusative, plural], -þwōz [genitive, singular], -þwǫ̂ [genitive, plural], -þwōi [dative, singular], -þwōmaz [dative, plural], -þwō [instrumental, singular], -þwōmiz [instrumental, plural], *-dwō [alternative], *-swō [alternative]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "-𐌸𐍅𐌰"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: -𐌸𐍅𐌰 (-þwa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: -𐌸𐍅𐌰 (-þwa)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tuh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tuh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tuh₂, *-tweh₂.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-dwō",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-swō",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þwō",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms abstract nouns."
      ],
      "id": "en--þwō-gem-pro-suffix-gUdPJzPa",
      "links": [
        [
          "nouns",
          "nouns#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/θwɔː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-þwō"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "-𐌸𐍅𐌰"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: -𐌸𐍅𐌰 (-þwa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: -𐌸𐍅𐌰 (-þwa)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tuh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tuh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tuh₂, *-tweh₂.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ō-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-þwōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-dwō",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-swō",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þwō",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic feminine suffixes",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic noun-forming suffixes",
        "Proto-Germanic suffixes",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Forms abstract nouns."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "nouns",
          "nouns#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/θwɔː/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-þwō"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-þwō" meaning in Proto-Germanic

Suffix