See -þaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-tos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tus",
"id": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Latin -tus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-tъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-tъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tos and *-tós, derived from the original *-(∅)-tós (creating verbal adjectives) which operated only on zero-grade roots. Expanded in function during pre-Germanic to derive new adjectives from verbal roots in o-grade, though the exact function in such cases is unclear. Its eventual grammaticalization to a past participle marker has parallels in other Indo-European branches, such as Latin -tus and Proto-Slavic *-tъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-at",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-at",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-daz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-taz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-saz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þaz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Derives some adjectives from roots."
],
"id": "en--þaz-gem-pro-suffix-nMs9Bgmf",
"raw_glosses": [
"(not productive) Derives some adjectives from roots."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 83",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Marker of the past participle of weak verbs."
],
"id": "en--þaz-gem-pro-suffix-QPJt40ya",
"links": [
[
"past",
"Appendix:Glossary#past_tense"
],
[
"participle",
"Appendix:Glossary#participle"
],
[
"weak verbs",
"Appendix:Glossary#weak_verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Germanic parent language"
],
"word": "-þaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*-tos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tus",
"id": "past participle"
},
"expansion": "Latin -tus",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-tъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-tъ",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tos and *-tós, derived from the original *-(∅)-tós (creating verbal adjectives) which operated only on zero-grade roots. Expanded in function during pre-Germanic to derive new adjectives from verbal roots in o-grade, though the exact function in such cases is unclear. Its eventual grammaticalization to a past participle marker has parallels in other Indo-European branches, such as Latin -tus and Proto-Slavic *-tъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-at",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-at",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-atō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-þammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-daz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-taz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "*-saz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-þaz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Derives some adjectives from roots."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(not productive) Derives some adjectives from roots."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Marker of the past participle of weak verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"past",
"Appendix:Glossary#past_tense"
],
[
"participle",
"Appendix:Glossary#participle"
],
[
"weak verbs",
"Appendix:Glossary#weak_verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Germanic parent language"
],
"word": "-þaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -þaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.