See ūraz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ūr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ūr\nOld English: ūr\nMiddle English: oure\nOld Saxon: *ūr\nMiddle Low German: ûr\nGerman Low German: Ur\n⇒ Middle Low German: ūrosse\n→ Swedish: uroxe\nOld Dutch: *ūr, uor\nMiddle Dutch: *uur\n⇒ Dutch: uuros (the historical form, attested once) (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)\nOld High German: ūro\nMiddle High German: ūr\nGerman: Ur\n⇒ Old High German: ūrohso\nMiddle High German: ūrochse\nGerman: Auerochse\n→ English: aurochs\n→ Middle Dutch: oeros\nDutch: oeros",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ūr\nOld English: ūr\nMiddle English: oure\nOld Saxon: *ūr\nMiddle Low German: ûr\nGerman Low German: Ur\n⇒ Middle Low German: ūrosse\n→ Swedish: uroxe\nOld Dutch: *ūr, uor\nMiddle Dutch: *uur\n⇒ Dutch: uuros (the historical form, attested once) (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)\nOld High German: ūro\nMiddle High German: ūr\nGerman: Ur\n⇒ Old High German: ūrohso\nMiddle High German: ūrochse\nGerman: Auerochse\n→ English: aurochs\n→ Middle Dutch: oeros\nDutch: oeros"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "úrr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: úrr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: úrr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍂𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌿𐍂𐍃 (urs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌿𐍂𐍃 (urs)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "urus",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Latin: urus\n→ Ancient Greek: οὖρος (oûros)\nCatalan: ur\n→ English: ure, urus\nFrench: ure\nItalian: uro\nPortuguese: uro\nSpanish: uro",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Latin: urus\n→ Ancient Greek: οὖρος (oûros)\nCatalan: ur\n→ English: ure, urus\nFrench: ure\nItalian: uro\nPortuguese: uro\nSpanish: uro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*uros",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *uros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *uros (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*orēs",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Samic: *orēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Samic: *orēs (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उष्ट्र",
"t": "buffalo",
"tr": "úṣṭra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उष्ट्र (úṣṭra, “buffalo”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "اشتر",
"tr": "oštor"
},
"expansion": "Persian اشتر (oštor)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(H)us-r-(en-)",
"5": "(red) bull, aurochs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)us-r-(en-) (“(red) bull, aurochs”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "úr",
"t": "dampness, fine rain, drizzle"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse úr (“dampness, fine rain, drizzle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēar",
"t": "sea, ocean"
},
"expansion": "Old English ēar (“sea, ocean”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; hypotheses include:\n* Cognate with Sanskrit उष्ट्र (úṣṭra, “buffalo”), Persian اشتر (oštor), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)us-r-(en-) (“(red) bull, aurochs”), from *h₂ews-r- (“dawn”) after its reddish color. (See *austraz.)\n* From Proto-Indo-European *(u)rs-én- (“male animal”). Kroonen assumes that the an-stem form is original and was replaced dialectally by a u-stem, to which he finds a parallel development in *arô (“eagle”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *awǝ-, *ewǝ- (“flowing water”), analogous to the derivation of *uhsô. If so, then related to Old Norse úr (“dampness, fine rain, drizzle”), Old English ēar (“sea, ocean”). (See *auraz, *ūrą.)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ūraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ūraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"aurochs"
],
"id": "en-ūraz-gem-pro-noun-q6OhSJAY",
"links": [
[
"aurochs",
"aurochs"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ūraz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ūr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ūr\nOld English: ūr\nMiddle English: oure\nOld Saxon: *ūr\nMiddle Low German: ûr\nGerman Low German: Ur\n⇒ Middle Low German: ūrosse\n→ Swedish: uroxe\nOld Dutch: *ūr, uor\nMiddle Dutch: *uur\n⇒ Dutch: uuros (the historical form, attested once) (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)\nOld High German: ūro\nMiddle High German: ūr\nGerman: Ur\n⇒ Old High German: ūrohso\nMiddle High German: ūrochse\nGerman: Auerochse\n→ English: aurochs\n→ Middle Dutch: oeros\nDutch: oeros",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ūr\nOld English: ūr\nMiddle English: oure\nOld Saxon: *ūr\nMiddle Low German: ûr\nGerman Low German: Ur\n⇒ Middle Low German: ūrosse\n→ Swedish: uroxe\nOld Dutch: *ūr, uor\nMiddle Dutch: *uur\n⇒ Dutch: uuros (the historical form, attested once) (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)\nOld High German: ūro\nMiddle High German: ūr\nGerman: Ur\n⇒ Old High German: ūrohso\nMiddle High German: ūrochse\nGerman: Auerochse\n→ English: aurochs\n→ Middle Dutch: oeros\nDutch: oeros"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "úrr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: úrr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: úrr"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌿𐍂𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌿𐍂𐍃 (urs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌿𐍂𐍃 (urs)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "urus",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Latin: urus\n→ Ancient Greek: οὖρος (oûros)\nCatalan: ur\n→ English: ure, urus\nFrench: ure\nItalian: uro\nPortuguese: uro\nSpanish: uro",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→? Latin: urus\n→ Ancient Greek: οὖρος (oûros)\nCatalan: ur\n→ English: ure, urus\nFrench: ure\nItalian: uro\nPortuguese: uro\nSpanish: uro"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*uros",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *uros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *uros (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*orēs",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Samic: *orēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Samic: *orēs (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उष्ट्र",
"t": "buffalo",
"tr": "úṣṭra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उष्ट्र (úṣṭra, “buffalo”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "اشتر",
"tr": "oštor"
},
"expansion": "Persian اشتر (oštor)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(H)us-r-(en-)",
"5": "(red) bull, aurochs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)us-r-(en-) (“(red) bull, aurochs”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "úr",
"t": "dampness, fine rain, drizzle"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse úr (“dampness, fine rain, drizzle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ēar",
"t": "sea, ocean"
},
"expansion": "Old English ēar (“sea, ocean”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; hypotheses include:\n* Cognate with Sanskrit उष्ट्र (úṣṭra, “buffalo”), Persian اشتر (oštor), from Proto-Indo-European *(H)us-r-(en-) (“(red) bull, aurochs”), from *h₂ews-r- (“dawn”) after its reddish color. (See *austraz.)\n* From Proto-Indo-European *(u)rs-én- (“male animal”). Kroonen assumes that the an-stem form is original and was replaced dialectally by a u-stem, to which he finds a parallel development in *arô (“eagle”).\n* From Proto-Indo-European *awǝ-, *ewǝ- (“flowing water”), analogous to the derivation of *uhsô. If so, then related to Old Norse úr (“dampness, fine rain, drizzle”), Old English ēar (“sea, ocean”). (See *auraz, *ūrą.)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ūraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūranz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ūrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ūramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ūraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Mammals"
],
"glosses": [
"aurochs"
],
"links": [
[
"aurochs",
"aurochs"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ūraz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ūraz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.