See ēsą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ās"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ǣs"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ǣs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ǣs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ēs",
"3": "hes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ēs, hes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ēs, hes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yess",
"3": "iss",
"4": "easse"
},
"expansion": "English: yess, iss, easse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: yess, iss, easse; eaceworm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ēs"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: ēs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: ēs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Oas"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Oas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Oas; Äise"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ies"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: ies",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: ies"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ās"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: ās (found in angulās)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "âs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: âs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: âs"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Aas"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Aas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Aas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ås",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: ås",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: ås"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "as",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: as"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "as",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: as"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*ās"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *ās"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "aes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: aes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: aes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "aas"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: aas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: aas"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "aas"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: aas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: aas"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "aas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: aas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: aas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ās"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ās"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ās"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ās"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Aas"
},
"expansion": "German: Aas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "āz"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German āz",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ētą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ētą",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"text": "German: Aas (merged with Middle High German āz, from Proto-Germanic *ētą)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Ooz"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Ooz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Ooz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ed-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁ēd-s-om",
"t": "eaten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēd-s-om (“eaten”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ěsa",
"t": "food, dish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ěsa (“food, dish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "yetse",
"t": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēd-s-om (“eaten”), from *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Related to *etaną. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *ěsa (“food, dish”) < *h₁ed-s-eh₂, Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”) < *h₁ed-s-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*ēsaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēsą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"food, carrion"
],
"id": "en-ēsą-gem-pro-noun-dVHaBvlc",
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"carrion",
"carrion"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prey; bait"
],
"id": "en-ēsą-gem-pro-noun-3HoKnVsR",
"links": [
[
"prey",
"prey"
],
[
"bait",
"bait"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛː.sɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "ēsą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ed-"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*ās"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *ās"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ǣs"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ǣs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ǣs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ēs",
"3": "hes"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: ēs, hes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: ēs, hes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yess",
"3": "iss",
"4": "easse"
},
"expansion": "English: yess, iss, easse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: yess, iss, easse; eaceworm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "ēs"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: ēs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: ēs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Oas"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Oas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Oas; Äise"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "ies"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: ies",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: ies"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "ās"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: ās (found in angulās)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "âs"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: âs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: âs"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Aas"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Aas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Aas"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "ås",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Danish: ås",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Danish: ås"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "as",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: as"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "as",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian: as",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian: as"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*ās"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *ās"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "aes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: aes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: aes"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "aas"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: aas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: aas"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "aas"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: aas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: aas"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "aas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: aas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: aas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ās"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: ās"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "ās"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: ās",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: ās"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Aas"
},
"expansion": "German: Aas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "āz"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German āz",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ētą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ētą",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"text": "German: Aas (merged with Middle High German āz, from Proto-Germanic *ētą)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "Ooz"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: Ooz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: Ooz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁ed-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁ēd-s-om",
"t": "eaten"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēd-s-om (“eaten”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ěsa",
"t": "food, dish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ěsa (“food, dish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "yetse",
"t": "skin"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ēd-s-om (“eaten”), from *h₁ed- (“to eat”). Related to *etaną. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *ěsa (“food, dish”) < *h₁ed-s-eh₂, Tocharian B: yetse (“skin”) < *h₁ed-s-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ēsamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*ēsaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ēsą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"food, carrion"
],
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"carrion",
"carrion"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"prey; bait"
],
"links": [
[
"prey",
"prey"
],
[
"bait",
"bait"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɛː.sɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "ēsą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ēsą meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.