See þwangiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwangi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þwangi, *þwang m (strong a-stem)\nOld English: þwang, þwong, þwæng, þweng\nMiddle English: thong, thwong, thwang\nEnglish: thong\nScots: thwang, thwayng, thang\nYola: fong\nOld Frisian: thwong, thwang\nSaterland Frisian: Twoang\nWest Frisian: twang\nOld Saxon: *thwang\nMiddle Low German: dwanc, dwank\nGerman Low German: Dwang\nOld Dutch: *thwang\nMiddle Dutch: dwanc\nDutch: dwang\nAfrikaans: dwang\nNegerhollands: twang\n→ Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)\nOld High German: dwang (“bit, bridle, rein, restraint”)\nMiddle High German: twanc\nGerman: Zwang",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þwangi, *þwang m (strong a-stem)\nOld English: þwang, þwong, þwæng, þweng\nMiddle English: thong, thwong, thwang\nEnglish: thong\nScots: thwang, thwayng, thang\nYola: fong\nOld Frisian: thwong, thwang\nSaterland Frisian: Twoang\nWest Frisian: twang\nOld Saxon: *thwang\nMiddle Low German: dwanc, dwank\nGerman Low German: Dwang\nOld Dutch: *thwang\nMiddle Dutch: dwanc\nDutch: dwang\nAfrikaans: dwang\nNegerhollands: twang\n→ Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)\nOld High German: dwang (“bit, bridle, rein, restraint”)\nMiddle High German: twanc\nGerman: Zwang"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þvengr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þvengr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þvengr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þvengur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: þvengur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: þvengur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tvongur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: tvongur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: tvongur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tveng"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: tveng",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: tveng (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *þwanguz, from *þwinhaną (“to press”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwanginz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwangiz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þwinhaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"restraint, pressure"
],
"id": "en-þwangiz-gem-pro-noun-S9BWRZsx",
"links": [
[
"restraint",
"restraint"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"belt, strap, thong"
],
"id": "en-þwangiz-gem-pro-noun-SdC4lAa4",
"links": [
[
"belt",
"belt"
],
[
"strap",
"strap"
],
[
"thong",
"thong"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθwɑŋ.ɡiz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "þwangiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þwangi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þwangi, *þwang m (strong a-stem)\nOld English: þwang, þwong, þwæng, þweng\nMiddle English: thong, thwong, thwang\nEnglish: thong\nScots: thwang, thwayng, thang\nYola: fong\nOld Frisian: thwong, thwang\nSaterland Frisian: Twoang\nWest Frisian: twang\nOld Saxon: *thwang\nMiddle Low German: dwanc, dwank\nGerman Low German: Dwang\nOld Dutch: *thwang\nMiddle Dutch: dwanc\nDutch: dwang\nAfrikaans: dwang\nNegerhollands: twang\n→ Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)\nOld High German: dwang (“bit, bridle, rein, restraint”)\nMiddle High German: twanc\nGerman: Zwang",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þwangi, *þwang m (strong a-stem)\nOld English: þwang, þwong, þwæng, þweng\nMiddle English: thong, thwong, thwang\nEnglish: thong\nScots: thwang, thwayng, thang\nYola: fong\nOld Frisian: thwong, thwang\nSaterland Frisian: Twoang\nWest Frisian: twang\nOld Saxon: *thwang\nMiddle Low German: dwanc, dwank\nGerman Low German: Dwang\nOld Dutch: *thwang\nMiddle Dutch: dwanc\nDutch: dwang\nAfrikaans: dwang\nNegerhollands: twang\n→ Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)\nOld High German: dwang (“bit, bridle, rein, restraint”)\nMiddle High German: twanc\nGerman: Zwang"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þvengr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þvengr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þvengr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þvengur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: þvengur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: þvengur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tvongur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: tvongur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: tvongur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "tveng"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: tveng",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "qualifier"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: tveng (dialectal)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *þwanguz, from *þwinhaną (“to press”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwanginz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þwangimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwangiz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "þwinhaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"restraint, pressure"
],
"links": [
[
"restraint",
"restraint"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"belt, strap, thong"
],
"links": [
[
"belt",
"belt"
],
[
"strap",
"strap"
],
[
"thong",
"thong"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθwɑŋ.ɡiz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "þwangiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þwangiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.