See þurnaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þorn\nOld English: þorn\nMiddle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron\nEnglish: thorn\nScots: thorn; torn (Shetland)\nYola: thoornes, thorns, thurns\nOld Frisian: thorn\nNorth Frisian: Tuurn (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden\nWest Frisian: toarne\nOld Saxon: thorn\nMiddle Low German: dōrn\nGerman Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn\nOld Dutch: thorn\nMiddle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren\nDutch: doren, doorn\nAfrikaans: doring\nNegerhollands: dorn, doorn\nOld High German: dorn\nMiddle High German: dorn\nAlemannic German: Torn\nCimbrian: dòrn\nGerman: Dorn\nHunsrik: Dorn\nLuxembourgish: Dar\nYiddish: דאָרן (dorn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þorn\nOld English: þorn\nMiddle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron\nEnglish: thorn\nScots: thorn; torn (Shetland)\nYola: thoornes, thorns, thurns\nOld Frisian: thorn\nNorth Frisian: Tuurn (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden\nWest Frisian: toarne\nOld Saxon: thorn\nMiddle Low German: dōrn\nGerman Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn\nOld Dutch: thorn\nMiddle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren\nDutch: doren, doorn\nAfrikaans: doring\nNegerhollands: dorn, doorn\nOld High German: dorn\nMiddle High German: dorn\nAlemannic German: Torn\nCimbrian: dòrn\nGerman: Dorn\nHunsrik: Dorn\nLuxembourgish: Dar\nYiddish: דאָרן (dorn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þorn\nIcelandic: þorn\nFaroese: torn\nOld Swedish: þorn\nSwedish: torn\nNorwegian: torn\nDanish: torn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þorn\nIcelandic: þorn\nFaroese: torn\nOld Swedish: þorn\nSwedish: torn\nNorwegian: torn\nDanish: torn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"3": "",
"4": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tьrnъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьrnъ (“thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós from *ter-. Related to Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”), Proto-Slavic *tьrnъ (“thorn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þurną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurnaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "þurnatją"
},
{
"word": "þurnitją"
},
{
"word": "þurnijǭ"
},
{
"word": "þurnīnaz"
},
{
"word": "þurnuhtaz"
},
{
"roman": "tyrnikjarr, tyrnirunnur, tyrniviður",
"sense": "Unsorted formations",
"word": "Old Norse: þyrnirIcelandic: þyrnirFaroese: tyrni-Norwegian: tyrnerOld Swedish: thø̄rne"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted formations",
"word": "thø̄rnSwedish: törneDanish: tjørn"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted formations",
"word": "tjørne→ Finnish: tyrni"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn, briar"
],
"id": "en-þurnaz-gem-pro-noun-bFwzzo36",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "reformed as u-stem",
"word": "þurnuz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθur.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "þurnaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "þurnatją"
},
{
"word": "þurnitją"
},
{
"word": "þurnijǭ"
},
{
"word": "þurnīnaz"
},
{
"word": "þurnuhtaz"
},
{
"roman": "tyrnikjarr, tyrnirunnur, tyrniviður",
"sense": "Unsorted formations",
"word": "Old Norse: þyrnirIcelandic: þyrnirFaroese: tyrni-Norwegian: tyrnerOld Swedish: thø̄rne"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted formations",
"word": "thø̄rnSwedish: törneDanish: tjørn"
},
{
"sense": "Unsorted formations",
"word": "tjørne→ Finnish: tyrni"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þorn\nOld English: þorn\nMiddle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron\nEnglish: thorn\nScots: thorn; torn (Shetland)\nYola: thoornes, thorns, thurns\nOld Frisian: thorn\nNorth Frisian: Tuurn (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden\nWest Frisian: toarne\nOld Saxon: thorn\nMiddle Low German: dōrn\nGerman Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn\nOld Dutch: thorn\nMiddle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren\nDutch: doren, doorn\nAfrikaans: doring\nNegerhollands: dorn, doorn\nOld High German: dorn\nMiddle High German: dorn\nAlemannic German: Torn\nCimbrian: dòrn\nGerman: Dorn\nHunsrik: Dorn\nLuxembourgish: Dar\nYiddish: דאָרן (dorn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þorn\nOld English: þorn\nMiddle English: thorn, thorne, thron, thurne, þorn, þorne, þron\nEnglish: thorn\nScots: thorn; torn (Shetland)\nYola: thoornes, thorns, thurns\nOld Frisian: thorn\nNorth Frisian: Tuurn (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Touden, Tudden\nWest Frisian: toarne\nOld Saxon: thorn\nMiddle Low German: dōrn\nGerman Low German: Däörn, Doorn, Dorn, Durn\nOld Dutch: thorn\nMiddle Dutch: dorn, dōorn, dōren\nDutch: doren, doorn\nAfrikaans: doring\nNegerhollands: dorn, doorn\nOld High German: dorn\nMiddle High German: dorn\nAlemannic German: Torn\nCimbrian: dòrn\nGerman: Dorn\nHunsrik: Dorn\nLuxembourgish: Dar\nYiddish: דאָרן (dorn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þorn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þorn\nIcelandic: þorn\nFaroese: torn\nOld Swedish: þorn\nSwedish: torn\nNorwegian: torn\nDanish: torn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þorn\nIcelandic: þorn\nFaroese: torn\nOld Swedish: þorn\nSwedish: torn\nNorwegian: torn\nDanish: torn"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tr̥nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"3": "",
"4": "grass",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*tьrnъ",
"3": "",
"4": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *tьrnъ (“thorn”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *tr̥nós from *ter-. Related to Sanskrit तृण (tṛ́ṇa, “grass”), Proto-Slavic *tьrnъ (“thorn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þurną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þurnamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þurnaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"thorn, briar"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
],
[
"briar",
"briar"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθur.nɑz/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "reformed as u-stem",
"word": "þurnuz"
}
],
"word": "þurnaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þurnaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.