See þunraz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þunr",
"3": "*þunar",
"4": "*þonar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þunr, *þunar, *þonar\nOld English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor\nMiddle English: thonder\nEnglish: thunder\nScots: thuner, thunder, thundir\nYola: dhunder, dunder\nOld Frisian: thuner, thonger\nWest Frisian: tonger\nOld Saxon: thunar, thuner\nMiddle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Dunner\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner\nSauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener\nWestmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner\nPlautdietsch: Donna\nOld Dutch: *thonar\nMiddle Dutch: donre\nDutch: donder\nAfrikaans: donder\nNegerhollands: donner, dondu\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder\n→ Sranan Tongo: dondru\nAukan: dondoo, donduu\nLimburgish: dónder, dónjer\nWest Flemish: dunder\nOld High German: donar, thonar\nMiddle High German: toner, doner\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Dunner\nLuxembourgish: Donner\nGerman: Donner\nRhine Franconian: Dunner\nFrankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]\nVilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)\nYiddish: דונער (duner)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þunr, *þunar, *þonar\nOld English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor\nMiddle English: thonder\nEnglish: thunder\nScots: thuner, thunder, thundir\nYola: dhunder, dunder\nOld Frisian: thuner, thonger\nWest Frisian: tonger\nOld Saxon: thunar, thuner\nMiddle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Dunner\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner\nSauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener\nWestmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner\nPlautdietsch: Donna\nOld Dutch: *thonar\nMiddle Dutch: donre\nDutch: donder\nAfrikaans: donder\nNegerhollands: donner, dondu\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder\n→ Sranan Tongo: dondru\nAukan: dondoo, donduu\nLimburgish: dónder, dónjer\nWest Flemish: dunder\nOld High German: donar, thonar\nMiddle High German: toner, doner\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Dunner\nLuxembourgish: Donner\nGerman: Donner\nRhine Franconian: Dunner\nFrankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]\nVilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)\nYiddish: דונער (duner)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ",
"3": "*ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ",
"ts2": "þǭraʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ), *ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ (*þoraʀ /þǭraʀ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ), *ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ (*þoraʀ /þǭraʀ/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þórr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þórr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þórr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*þórdynr",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: *þórdynr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: *þórdynr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tordön"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: tordön",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: tordön"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "torden"
},
"expansion": "Danish: torden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: torden"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "torden"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: torden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: torden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tora"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: tora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: tora"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "tor<g:m>",
"3": "tore",
"4": "tora<g:f>",
"5": ";",
"6": "torde<id:thunder><q:dialectal>",
"qq": "influenced by Þórðr"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: tor m, tore, tora f; (dialectal) torde (influenced by Þórðr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: tor m, tore, tora f; (dialectal) torde (influenced by Þórðr)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "tore",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tore",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tore"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tor"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: tor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: tor"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to thunder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*toranos",
"3": "",
"4": "thunder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *toranos (“thunder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tonō",
"3": "",
"4": "to thunder"
},
"expansion": "Latin tonō (“to thunder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تندر",
"t": "thunder",
"tr": "tondar"
},
"expansion": "Persian تندر (tondar, “thunder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्तनति",
"3": "",
"4": "to resound; to thunder; to roar",
"tr": "stánati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to resound; to thunder; to roar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stenaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *toranos (“thunder”), Latin tonō (“to thunder”), Persian تندر (tondar, “thunder”), Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to resound; to thunder; to roar”), and Proto-Germanic *stenaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þunraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nopl": "1"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þunraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Þunraz"
},
{
"word": "an early Germanic deity"
},
{
"english": "to thunder",
"word": "þunrōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thunder"
],
"id": "en-þunraz-gem-pro-noun-Se~3R~e2",
"links": [
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθun.rɑz/"
}
],
"word": "þunraz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Þunraz"
},
{
"word": "an early Germanic deity"
},
{
"english": "to thunder",
"word": "þunrōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þunr",
"3": "*þunar",
"4": "*þonar"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þunr, *þunar, *þonar\nOld English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor\nMiddle English: thonder\nEnglish: thunder\nScots: thuner, thunder, thundir\nYola: dhunder, dunder\nOld Frisian: thuner, thonger\nWest Frisian: tonger\nOld Saxon: thunar, thuner\nMiddle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Dunner\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner\nSauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener\nWestmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner\nPlautdietsch: Donna\nOld Dutch: *thonar\nMiddle Dutch: donre\nDutch: donder\nAfrikaans: donder\nNegerhollands: donner, dondu\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder\n→ Sranan Tongo: dondru\nAukan: dondoo, donduu\nLimburgish: dónder, dónjer\nWest Flemish: dunder\nOld High German: donar, thonar\nMiddle High German: toner, doner\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Dunner\nLuxembourgish: Donner\nGerman: Donner\nRhine Franconian: Dunner\nFrankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]\nVilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)\nYiddish: דונער (duner)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þunr, *þunar, *þonar\nOld English: þunor, þunar, þunur, þuner, þonor\nMiddle English: thonder\nEnglish: thunder\nScots: thuner, thunder, thundir\nYola: dhunder, dunder\nOld Frisian: thuner, thonger\nWest Frisian: tonger\nOld Saxon: thunar, thuner\nMiddle Low German: dunner, donner, donre, donder, dōner\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Dunner\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Donner\nSauerländisch: Duener, Dūner, Dunner, Dōener\nWestmünsterländisch: Dunder, Dunner\nPlautdietsch: Donna\nOld Dutch: *thonar\nMiddle Dutch: donre\nDutch: donder\nAfrikaans: donder\nNegerhollands: donner, dondu\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: dondu (dated)\n→ Papiamentu: dònder, donder\n→ Sranan Tongo: dondru\nAukan: dondoo, donduu\nLimburgish: dónder, dónjer\nWest Flemish: dunder\nOld High German: donar, thonar\nMiddle High German: toner, doner\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Dunner\nLuxembourgish: Donner\nGerman: Donner\nRhine Franconian: Dunner\nFrankfurterisch: IPA [d̥onæ̆], (possible pre-1825 pronunciation) [d̥unæ̆]\nVilamovian: dunyn (likely a plural form of *duner)\nYiddish: דונער (duner)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ",
"3": "*ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ",
"ts2": "þǭraʀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ), *ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ (*þoraʀ /þǭraʀ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚦᛟᚾᚨᚱᚨᛉ (*þonaraʀ), *ᚦᛟᚱᚨᛉ (*þoraʀ /þǭraʀ/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "þórr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: þórr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: þórr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*þórdynr",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: *þórdynr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: *þórdynr"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tordön"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: tordön",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: tordön"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "torden"
},
"expansion": "Danish: torden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: torden"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "torden"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: torden",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: torden"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tora"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: tora",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: tora"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "tor<g:m>",
"3": "tore",
"4": "tora<g:f>",
"5": ";",
"6": "torde<id:thunder><q:dialectal>",
"qq": "influenced by Þórðr"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: tor m, tore, tora f; (dialectal) torde (influenced by Þórðr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: tor m, tore, tora f; (dialectal) torde (influenced by Þórðr)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "tore",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tore",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tore"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "tor"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: tor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: tor"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)tenh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to thunder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*toranos",
"3": "",
"4": "thunder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *toranos (“thunder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tonō",
"3": "",
"4": "to thunder"
},
"expansion": "Latin tonō (“to thunder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تندر",
"t": "thunder",
"tr": "tondar"
},
"expansion": "Persian تندر (tondar, “thunder”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्तनति",
"3": "",
"4": "to resound; to thunder; to roar",
"tr": "stánati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to resound; to thunder; to roar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*stenaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stenaną",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tenh₂- (“to thunder”). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *toranos (“thunder”), Latin tonō (“to thunder”), Persian تندر (tondar, “thunder”), Sanskrit स्तनति (stánati, “to resound; to thunder; to roar”), and Proto-Germanic *stenaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þunraz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þunrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"nopl": "1"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þunraz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)tenh₂-",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"gem-pro:Atmospheric phenomena"
],
"glosses": [
"thunder"
],
"links": [
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθun.rɑz/"
}
],
"word": "þunraz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þunraz meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.