þrumjaz in Proto-Germanic

IPA: /ˈθrum.jɑz/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”). Cognate with Latin tremō. Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*trem-|t=to tremble (in fear)}} Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”), {{cog|la|tremō}} Latin tremō Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], þrumjaz [nominative, singular], þrumjōz [nominative, plural], þrumjōs [nominative, plural], þrumi [singular, vocative], þrumjōz [plural, vocative], þrumjōs [plural, vocative], þrumją [accusative, singular], þrumjanz [accusative, plural], þrumjas [genitive, singular], þrumis [genitive, singular], þrumjǫ̂ [genitive, plural], þrumjai [dative, singular], þrumjamaz [dative, plural], þrumjō [instrumental, singular], þrumjamiz [instrumental, plural]

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*þrumi"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þrumi\nOld English: þrymm, þrym\nMiddle English: thrum, throm, thrim\nOld Saxon: *thrumm\n⇒ Old Saxon: heruthrumm, heruthrum",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þrumi\nOld English: þrymm, þrym\nMiddle English: thrum, throm, thrim\nOld Saxon: *thrumm\n⇒ Old Saxon: heruthrumm, heruthrum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "þrymr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: þrymr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: þrymr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "þrymur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: þrymur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: þrymur"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*trem-",
        "t": "to tremble (in fear)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tremō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tremō",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”). Cognate with Latin tremō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumją",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrumjaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "þrimmaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "violence"
      ],
      "id": "en-þrumjaz-gem-pro-noun-Kmq8pOM0",
      "links": [
        [
          "violence",
          "violence"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "disturbance"
      ],
      "id": "en-þrumjaz-gem-pro-noun-y8NzCR~g",
      "links": [
        [
          "disturbance",
          "disturbance"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθrum.jɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þrumjaz"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic ja-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*þrumi"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þrumi\nOld English: þrymm, þrym\nMiddle English: thrum, throm, thrim\nOld Saxon: *thrumm\n⇒ Old Saxon: heruthrumm, heruthrum",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þrumi\nOld English: þrymm, þrym\nMiddle English: thrum, throm, thrim\nOld Saxon: *thrumm\n⇒ Old Saxon: heruthrumm, heruthrum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "þrymr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: þrymr",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: þrymr"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "þrymur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: þrymur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: þrymur"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*trem-",
        "t": "to tremble (in fear)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "tremō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin tremō",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble (in fear)”). Cognate with Latin tremō.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumją",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þrumjamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þrumjaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "þrimmaną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "violence"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "violence",
          "violence"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "disturbance"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "disturbance",
          "disturbance"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθrum.jɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "þrumjaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-01 using wiktextract (c690d5d and b5d1315). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"þrumjaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

Noun