"þerbaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See þerbaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈθer.βɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to stiffen”), Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”). Older theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (“rigid; stiff; restricted; tight”), from *(s)ter- (“stiff”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*terp-|t=to be stiff}} Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”), {{cog|lt|tir̃pti|t=to stiffen}} Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to stiffen”), {{cog|la|torpeō|t=to be stiff}} Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”), {{cog|cu|трупети|t=to suffer}} Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*(s)terbʰ-|t=rigid; stiff; restricted; tight}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (“rigid; stiff; restricted; tight”) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], þerbaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], þerbō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], þerbą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], þerbai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], þerbôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], þerbō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], þerbanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], þerbǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], þerbą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], þerbanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], þerbōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], þerbō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], þerbas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], þerbaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], þerbas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], þerbaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], þerbaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], þerbaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], þerbammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], þerbaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], þerbammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], þerbaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], þerbaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], þerbaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], þerbanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], þerbaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], þerbanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], þerbaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], þerbaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], þerbaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], þerbô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], þerbǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], þerbô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], þerbaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], þerbōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], þerbōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], þerbanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], þerbōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], þerbô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], þerbanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], þerbōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], þerbōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], þerbiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], þerbōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], þerbiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], þerbanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], þerbōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], þerbanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], þerbini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], þerbōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], þerbini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], þerbammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], þerbōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], þerbammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], þerbinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], þerbōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], þerbinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], þerbammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], þerbōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], þerbammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. unleavened (of bread) Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-þerbaz-gem-pro-adj-OdQShi0h
  2. fresh (of liquid) Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-þerbaz-gem-pro-adj-fg-u5nIq Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 100 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 5 95
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "þeorf"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: þeorf, þorof\nMiddle English: therf, tharf, tharfe, therfe, þarf, þerf, þerfe, þeorrf (Ormulum)\nEnglish: tharf (obsolete)\nScots: tharf, therf",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: þeorf, þorof\nMiddle English: therf, tharf, tharfe, therfe, þarf, þerf, þerfe, þeorrf (Ormulum)\nEnglish: tharf (obsolete)\nScots: tharf, therf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "therf",
            "3": "derf"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: therf, derf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: therf, derf; therve, derve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frr",
            "2": "terew",
            "3": "serew"
          },
          "expansion": "North Frisian: terew, serew",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "North Frisian: terew, serew"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "thervi",
            "3": "tharvi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: thervi, tharvi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: thervi, tharvi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "derve"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: derve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: derve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*therf"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *therf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *therf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "derf"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: derf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: derf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "derf"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: derf",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: derf (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "derb"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: derb, derp\nMiddle High German: derp\nGerman: derb",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: derb, derp\nMiddle High German: derp\nGerman: derb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "þjarfr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: þjarfr\nIcelandic: þjarfur\nNorwegian Bokmål: tjerv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: tjerv\nSwedish: kärv",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: þjarfr\nIcelandic: þjarfur\nNorwegian Bokmål: tjerv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: tjerv\nSwedish: kärv"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terp-",
        "t": "to be stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tir̃pti",
        "t": "to stiffen"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to stiffen”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torpeō",
        "t": "to be stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "трупети",
        "t": "to suffer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)terbʰ-",
        "t": "rigid; stiff; restricted; tight"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (“rigid; stiff; restricted; tight”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to stiffen”), Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”).\nOlder theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (“rigid; stiff; restricted; tight”), from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þerbaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "unleavened (of bread)"
      ],
      "id": "en-þerbaz-gem-pro-adj-OdQShi0h",
      "links": [
        [
          "unleavened",
          "unleavened"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 95",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "fresh (of liquid)"
      ],
      "id": "en-þerbaz-gem-pro-adj-fg-u5nIq",
      "links": [
        [
          "fresh",
          "fresh"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθer.βɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "þerbaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "þeorf"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: þeorf, þorof\nMiddle English: therf, tharf, tharfe, therfe, þarf, þerf, þerfe, þeorrf (Ormulum)\nEnglish: tharf (obsolete)\nScots: tharf, therf",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: þeorf, þorof\nMiddle English: therf, tharf, tharfe, therfe, þarf, þerf, þerfe, þeorrf (Ormulum)\nEnglish: tharf (obsolete)\nScots: tharf, therf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "therf",
            "3": "derf"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: therf, derf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: therf, derf; therve, derve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "frr",
            "2": "terew",
            "3": "serew"
          },
          "expansion": "North Frisian: terew, serew",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "North Frisian: terew, serew"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "thervi",
            "3": "tharvi"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: thervi, tharvi",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: thervi, tharvi"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "derve"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: derve",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: derve"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*therf"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *therf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *therf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "derf"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: derf",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: derf"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "derf"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: derf",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: derf (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "derb"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: derb, derp\nMiddle High German: derp\nGerman: derb",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: derb, derp\nMiddle High German: derp\nGerman: derb"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "þjarfr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: þjarfr\nIcelandic: þjarfur\nNorwegian Bokmål: tjerv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: tjerv\nSwedish: kärv",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: þjarfr\nIcelandic: þjarfur\nNorwegian Bokmål: tjerv\nNorwegian Nynorsk: tjerv\nSwedish: kärv"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*terp-",
        "t": "to be stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "tir̃pti",
        "t": "to stiffen"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to stiffen”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "torpeō",
        "t": "to be stiff"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cu",
        "2": "трупети",
        "t": "to suffer"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)terbʰ-",
        "t": "rigid; stiff; restricted; tight"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (“rigid; stiff; restricted; tight”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Lithuanian tir̃pti (“to stiffen”), Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”), Old Church Slavonic трупети (trupeti, “to suffer”).\nOlder theories derive the root from Proto-Indo-European *(s)terbʰ- (“rigid; stiff; restricted; tight”), from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "þerbammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þerbaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "unleavened (of bread)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "unleavened",
          "unleavened"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "fresh (of liquid)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fresh",
          "fresh"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈθer.βɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "þerbaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for þerbaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-01 using wiktextract (9a214a4 and 1b6da77). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.