See þūmô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þūmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þūmō\nOld English: þūma, *ᚦᚢᛗᚪ (*þuma)\nMiddle English: thombe\nEnglish: thumb\nScots: thoum\nYola: thoome, thoume\nOld Frisian: thūma\nNorth Frisian: tome, töme\nSaterland Frisian: Tume\nWest Frisian: tomme, tûme\nOld Saxon: thūmo\nMiddle Low German: dûme\nGerman Low German: Dumen, Dume, Duum\nPlautdietsch: Dumen\nOld Dutch: *thūmo\nMiddle Dutch: dume\nDutch: duim, (archaic) dom\nAfrikaans: duim\nNegerhollands: tompi\n→ Aukan: doin\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: doi\n→ Caribbean Javanese: dim\n→ Indonesian: dim\n→ Papiamentu: dùim, duim\n→ Russian: дюйм (djujm)\nLimburgish: doem, doemb\nOld High German: dūmo\nMiddle High German: dūme, doume, tūme\nCimbrian: daumo\nGerman: Daumen\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Daume\nLuxembourgish: Daum\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Daume",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þūmō\nOld English: þūma, *ᚦᚢᛗᚪ (*þuma)\nMiddle English: thombe\nEnglish: thumb\nScots: thoum\nYola: thoome, thoume\nOld Frisian: thūma\nNorth Frisian: tome, töme\nSaterland Frisian: Tume\nWest Frisian: tomme, tûme\nOld Saxon: thūmo\nMiddle Low German: dûme\nGerman Low German: Dumen, Dume, Duum\nPlautdietsch: Dumen\nOld Dutch: *thūmo\nMiddle Dutch: dume\nDutch: duim, (archaic) dom\nAfrikaans: duim\nNegerhollands: tompi\n→ Aukan: doin\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: doi\n→ Caribbean Javanese: dim\n→ Indonesian: dim\n→ Papiamentu: dùim, duim\n→ Russian: дюйм (djujm)\nLimburgish: doem, doemb\nOld High German: dūmo\nMiddle High German: dūme, doume, tūme\nCimbrian: daumo\nGerman: Daumen\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Daume\nLuxembourgish: Daum\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Daume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*þumi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *þumi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *þumi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-ogt",
"2": "ᚦᚢᛘᛒᛚᛁᚾᚵᛁ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Gutnish: ᚦᚢᛘᛒᛚᛁᚾᚵᛁ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Gutnish: ᚦᚢᛘᛒᛚᛁᚾᚵᛁ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þumi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: þumi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: þumi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tummi"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: tummi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: tummi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrn",
"2": "tum"
},
"expansion": "Norn: tum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norn: tum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "þumi"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: þumi\nSwedish: tumme, tum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: þumi\nSwedish: tumme, tum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tomme"
},
"expansion": "Danish: tomme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: tomme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tomma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: tomma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: tomma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "tomme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tomme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tomme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-ogt",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Gutnish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gutnish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "tumme"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: tumme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: tumme"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*tum->swell",
"id": "thumb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*tu(h₂)m-ō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tu(h₂)m-ō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तुम्र",
"t": "strong, big",
"tr": "túmra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तुम्र (túmra, “strong, big”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tumor",
"t": "swelling, tumor"
},
"expansion": "Latin tumor (“swelling, tumor”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tumė́ti",
"t": "to coagulate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tumė́ti (“to coagulate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "twf",
"t": "strength"
},
"expansion": "Welsh twf (“strength”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *tu(h₂)m-ō, from *tum- (“to swell”), thus \"big swollen finger\" > \"thumb\". Cognate with Sanskrit तुम्र (túmra, “strong, big”), Latin tumor (“swelling, tumor”), Lithuanian tumė́ti (“to coagulate”), Welsh twf (“strength”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þūminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þūminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þūmô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "þūmilaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thumb"
],
"id": "en-þūmô-gem-pro-noun-Be7sLXCE",
"links": [
[
"thumb",
"thumb"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθuː.mɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "þūmô"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "þūmilaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þūmō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þūmō\nOld English: þūma, *ᚦᚢᛗᚪ (*þuma)\nMiddle English: thombe\nEnglish: thumb\nScots: thoum\nYola: thoome, thoume\nOld Frisian: thūma\nNorth Frisian: tome, töme\nSaterland Frisian: Tume\nWest Frisian: tomme, tûme\nOld Saxon: thūmo\nMiddle Low German: dûme\nGerman Low German: Dumen, Dume, Duum\nPlautdietsch: Dumen\nOld Dutch: *thūmo\nMiddle Dutch: dume\nDutch: duim, (archaic) dom\nAfrikaans: duim\nNegerhollands: tompi\n→ Aukan: doin\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: doi\n→ Caribbean Javanese: dim\n→ Indonesian: dim\n→ Papiamentu: dùim, duim\n→ Russian: дюйм (djujm)\nLimburgish: doem, doemb\nOld High German: dūmo\nMiddle High German: dūme, doume, tūme\nCimbrian: daumo\nGerman: Daumen\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Daume\nLuxembourgish: Daum\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Daume",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þūmō\nOld English: þūma, *ᚦᚢᛗᚪ (*þuma)\nMiddle English: thombe\nEnglish: thumb\nScots: thoum\nYola: thoome, thoume\nOld Frisian: thūma\nNorth Frisian: tome, töme\nSaterland Frisian: Tume\nWest Frisian: tomme, tûme\nOld Saxon: thūmo\nMiddle Low German: dûme\nGerman Low German: Dumen, Dume, Duum\nPlautdietsch: Dumen\nOld Dutch: *thūmo\nMiddle Dutch: dume\nDutch: duim, (archaic) dom\nAfrikaans: duim\nNegerhollands: tompi\n→ Aukan: doin\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: doi\n→ Caribbean Javanese: dim\n→ Indonesian: dim\n→ Papiamentu: dùim, duim\n→ Russian: дюйм (djujm)\nLimburgish: doem, doemb\nOld High German: dūmo\nMiddle High German: dūme, doume, tūme\nCimbrian: daumo\nGerman: Daumen\nCentral Franconian:\nHunsrik: Daume\nLuxembourgish: Daum\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Daume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*þumi"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *þumi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *þumi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-ogt",
"2": "ᚦᚢᛘᛒᛚᛁᚾᚵᛁ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Gutnish: ᚦᚢᛘᛒᛚᛁᚾᚵᛁ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Gutnish: ᚦᚢᛘᛒᛚᛁᚾᚵᛁ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "þumi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: þumi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: þumi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "tummi"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: tummi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: tummi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrn",
"2": "tum"
},
"expansion": "Norn: tum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norn: tum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "þumi"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: þumi\nSwedish: tumme, tum",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: þumi\nSwedish: tumme, tum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "tomme"
},
"expansion": "Danish: tomme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: tomme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "tomma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: tomma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: tomma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "tomme",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tomme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: tomme"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-ogt",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Gutnish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Gutnish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-gut",
"2": "tumme"
},
"expansion": "Gutnish: tumme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gutnish: tumme"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*tum->swell",
"id": "thumb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*tu(h₂)m-ō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tu(h₂)m-ō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तुम्र",
"t": "strong, big",
"tr": "túmra"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit तुम्र (túmra, “strong, big”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "tumor",
"t": "swelling, tumor"
},
"expansion": "Latin tumor (“swelling, tumor”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "tumė́ti",
"t": "to coagulate"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian tumė́ti (“to coagulate”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "twf",
"t": "strength"
},
"expansion": "Welsh twf (“strength”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *tu(h₂)m-ō, from *tum- (“to swell”), thus \"big swollen finger\" > \"thumb\". Cognate with Sanskrit तुम्र (túmra, “strong, big”), Latin tumor (“swelling, tumor”), Lithuanian tumė́ti (“to coagulate”), Welsh twf (“strength”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þūminiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "þūminē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "þūmammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þūmô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tum-",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"gem-pro:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"thumb"
],
"links": [
[
"thumb",
"thumb"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθuː.mɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "þūmô"
}
Download raw JSONL data for þūmô meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.