"toipudak" meaning in Proto-Finnic

See toipudak in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From *toi- + *-pudak. Akin to *toittadak (“to provide (for)”), which gave Estonian toitma (“to feed”), Livonian tuoitõ (“to provide (for)”) and Finnish toittaa (“(dialectal) to affect”). No further etymology is known. Possibly also connected with *toimi, which has multiple theories. The root is also seemingly found in Finnish tointua (“to regain consciousness”), Ingrian tointaa (“to be worthwhile”) and Karelian tointaa (“id.”), but the final two may be derived from *toimi instead. In that case, they may have inspired affix substitution, resulting in a new family of words that can ultimately be traced back to *toimi. Etymology templates: {{suffix|urj-fin-pro||*-pudak|alt1=*toi-}} *toi- + *-pudak, {{cog|et|toitma||to feed}} Estonian toitma (“to feed”), {{cog|liv|tuoitõ||to provide (for)}} Livonian tuoitõ (“to provide (for)”), {{cog|fi|toittaa||(dialectal) to affect}} Finnish toittaa (“(dialectal) to affect”), {{cog|fi|tointua||to regain consciousness}} Finnish tointua (“to regain consciousness”), {{cog|izh|tointaa||to be worthwhile}} Ingrian tointaa (“to be worthwhile”), {{cog|krl|tointaa||id.}} Karelian tointaa (“id.”) Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-conj|toipu}} Forms: toipu- [stem], no-table-tags [table-tags], toibun [first-person, present, singular], toibuin [first-person, past, singular], - [first-person, imperative, singular], toipugon [first-person, optative, singular], toibut [present, second-person, singular], toibuit [past, second-person, singular], toibuk [imperative, second-person, singular], toipugos [optative, second-person, singular], toipubi [present, singular, third-person], toipu [present, singular, third-person], toipui [past, singular, third-person], toipugasën [imperative, singular, third-person], toipugosën [optative, singular, third-person], toibukmëk [first-person, plural, present], toibukmak [first-person, plural, present], toipuimëk [first-person, past, plural], toipuimak [first-person, past, plural], toipugatëmëk [first-person, imperative, plural], toipugatamak [first-person, imperative, plural], toipugotëmëk [first-person, optative, plural], toipugotamak [first-person, optative, plural], toibuktëk [plural, present, second-person], toibuktak [plural, present, second-person], toipuidëk [past, plural, second-person], toipuidak [past, plural, second-person], toipugatë [imperative, plural, second-person], toipugata [imperative, plural, second-person], toipugot'ëk [optative, plural, second-person], toipugotadak [optative, plural, second-person], toipubat [plural, present, third-person], toipu [plural, present, third-person], toipui [past, plural, third-person], toipugasën [imperative, plural, third-person], toipugosën [optative, plural, third-person], toibuksën [passive, present], toibut'aksën [passive, present], toipudisën [passive, past], toibuttisën [passive, past], toipudakahën [imperative, passive], toibuttakahën [imperative, passive], toipudakohën [optative, passive], toibuttakohën [optative, passive], toibuk [connegative, present], - [connegative, past], toipugak [connegative, imperative], toipugok [connegative, optative], toibuktak [connegative, passive, present], - [connegative, passive, past], toipudagak [connegative, imperative, passive], toibuttagak [connegative, imperative, passive], toipudagok [connegative, optative, passive], toibuttagok [connegative, optative, passive], toibukcin [conditional, conditional-i, first-person, singular], toipuicin [conditional, conditional-ii, first-person, singular], toipunën [first-person, potential, singular], toibukcit [conditional, conditional-i, second-person, singular], toipuicit [conditional, conditional-ii, second-person, singular], toipunët [potential, second-person, singular], toibukci [conditional, conditional-i, singular, third-person], toipuici [conditional, conditional-ii, singular, third-person], toipuni [potential, singular, third-person], toibukcimëk [conditional, conditional-i, first-person, plural], toibukcimak [conditional, conditional-i, first-person, plural], toipuicimëk [conditional, conditional-ii, first-person, plural], toipuicimak [conditional, conditional-ii, first-person, plural], toipunëmëk [first-person, plural, potential], toipunëmak [first-person, plural, potential], toibukcidëk [conditional, conditional-i, plural, second-person], toibukcidak [conditional, conditional-i, plural, second-person], toipuicidëk [conditional, conditional-ii, plural, second-person], toipuicidak [conditional, conditional-ii, plural, second-person], toipunëdëk [plural, potential, second-person], toipunëdak [plural, potential, second-person], toibukci [conditional, conditional-i, plural, third-person], toipuici [conditional, conditional-ii, plural, third-person], toipuni [plural, potential, third-person], toipudakcihën [conditional, conditional-i, passive], toibut'akcihën [conditional, conditional-i, passive], toipudicihën [conditional, conditional-ii, passive], toibutticihën [conditional, conditional-ii, passive], toipudanëhën [passive, potential], toibuttanëhën [passive, potential], toibukcik [conditional, conditional-i, connegative], toipuicik [conditional, conditional-ii, connegative], toipunëk [connegative, potential], toipudakcik [conditional, conditional-i, connegative, passive], toibut'akcik [conditional, conditional-i, connegative, passive], toipudicik [conditional, conditional-ii, connegative, passive], toibutticik [conditional, conditional-ii, connegative, passive], toipudanëk [connegative, passive, potential], toibuttanëk [connegative, passive, potential], toipudak [conditional, conditional-i, infinitive, infinitive-i], toipuba [active, participle, present], toipudapa [participle, passive, present], toibuttapa [participle, passive, present], toipudë- [conditional, conditional-i, infinitive, infinitive-ii], toipunut [active, participle, past], toipudu [participle, passive, past], toibuttu [participle, passive, past], toipuma [conditional, conditional-i, gerund, supine], toipuminen [conditional, conditional-i, noun-from-verb]
  1. to recover, to recuperate, to convalesce Tags: reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "toibuma"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: toibuma",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: toibuma/toibuda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "toipua"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: toipua",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: toipua"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "toipuo",
            "3": "toibuo"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: toipuo, toibuo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: toipuo, toibuo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "toibuo"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: toibuo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: toibuo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "toibduda"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: toibduda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: toibduda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "toibuda"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: toibuda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: toibuda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "toibuma"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: toibuma",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: toibuma/toibudaq"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-pudak",
        "alt1": "*toi-"
      },
      "expansion": "*toi- + *-pudak",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "toitma",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to feed"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian toitma (“to feed”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "tuoitõ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to provide (for)"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian tuoitõ (“to provide (for)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "toittaa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "(dialectal) to affect"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish toittaa (“(dialectal) to affect”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "tointua",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to regain consciousness"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish tointua (“to regain consciousness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "tointaa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be worthwhile"
      },
      "expansion": "Ingrian tointaa (“to be worthwhile”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krl",
        "2": "tointaa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "id."
      },
      "expansion": "Karelian tointaa (“id.”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *toi- + *-pudak. Akin to *toittadak (“to provide (for)”), which gave Estonian toitma (“to feed”), Livonian tuoitõ (“to provide (for)”) and Finnish toittaa (“(dialectal) to affect”).\nNo further etymology is known. Possibly also connected with *toimi, which has multiple theories. The root is also seemingly found in Finnish tointua (“to regain consciousness”), Ingrian tointaa (“to be worthwhile”) and Karelian tointaa (“id.”), but the final two may be derived from *toimi instead. In that case, they may have inspired affix substitution, resulting in a new family of words that can ultimately be traced back to *toimi.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "toipu-",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipubi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipui",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugasën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugosën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukmak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugatëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugatamak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugotëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugotamak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuktëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuktak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugatë",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugata",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugot'ëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugotadak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipubat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipui",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugasën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugosën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuksën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibut'aksën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudakahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttakahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudakohën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttakohën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuktak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudagak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttagak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudagok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttagok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "potential",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "potential",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukci",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuici",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "potential",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëmak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëdëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëdak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukci",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuici",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudakcihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibut'akcihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudicihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibutticihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudanëhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttanëhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudakcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibut'akcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudicik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibutticik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "infinitive",
        "infinitive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudapa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttapa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudë-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "infinitive",
        "infinitive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "gerund",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuminen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "toipu"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/toipudak",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-pudak",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic verbs by type/rounded",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to recover, to recuperate, to convalesce"
      ],
      "id": "en-toipudak-urj-fin-pro-verb-eYNwxFiL",
      "links": [
        [
          "recover",
          "recover"
        ],
        [
          "recuperate",
          "recuperate"
        ],
        [
          "convalesce",
          "convalesce"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "toipudak"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "toibuma"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: toibuma",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: toibuma/toibuda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "toipua"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: toipua",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: toipua"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "toipuo",
            "3": "toibuo"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian: toipuo, toibuo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian: toipuo, toibuo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "toibuo"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: toibuo",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: toibuo"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "toibduda"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: toibduda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: toibduda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "toibuda"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: toibuda",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: toibuda"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vro",
            "2": "toibuma"
          },
          "expansion": "Võro: toibuma",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Võro: toibuma/toibudaq"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*-pudak",
        "alt1": "*toi-"
      },
      "expansion": "*toi- + *-pudak",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "et",
        "2": "toitma",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to feed"
      },
      "expansion": "Estonian toitma (“to feed”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "liv",
        "2": "tuoitõ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to provide (for)"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian tuoitõ (“to provide (for)”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "toittaa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "(dialectal) to affect"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish toittaa (“(dialectal) to affect”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "tointua",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to regain consciousness"
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish tointua (“to regain consciousness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "izh",
        "2": "tointaa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be worthwhile"
      },
      "expansion": "Ingrian tointaa (“to be worthwhile”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "krl",
        "2": "tointaa",
        "3": "",
        "4": "id."
      },
      "expansion": "Karelian tointaa (“id.”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *toi- + *-pudak. Akin to *toittadak (“to provide (for)”), which gave Estonian toitma (“to feed”), Livonian tuoitõ (“to provide (for)”) and Finnish toittaa (“(dialectal) to affect”).\nNo further etymology is known. Possibly also connected with *toimi, which has multiple theories. The root is also seemingly found in Finnish tointua (“to regain consciousness”), Ingrian tointaa (“to be worthwhile”) and Karelian tointaa (“id.”), but the final two may be derived from *toimi instead. In that case, they may have inspired affix substitution, resulting in a new family of words that can ultimately be traced back to *toimi.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "toipu-",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-conj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugon",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipubi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipui",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugasën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugosën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukmak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugatëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugatamak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugotëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugotamak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuktëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuktak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugatë",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugata",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugot'ëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugotadak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipubat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipui",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugasën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugosën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuksën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibut'aksën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudakahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttakahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudakohën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttakohën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipugok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuktak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudagak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttagak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "imperative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudagok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttagok",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "optative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "potential",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicit",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "potential",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukci",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuici",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "potential",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicimëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicimak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëmëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëmak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicidëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicidak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëdëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëdak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukci",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuici",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "potential",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudakcihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibut'akcihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudicihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibutticihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudanëhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttanëhën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibukcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuicik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudakcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibut'akcik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudicik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibutticik",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-ii",
        "connegative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "connegative",
        "passive",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudak",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "infinitive",
        "infinitive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuba",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudapa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttapa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudë-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "infinitive",
        "infinitive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipunut",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipudu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toibuttu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuma",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "gerund",
        "supine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "toipuminen",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "conditional-i",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "toipu"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/toipudak",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
        "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-pudak",
        "Proto-Finnic verbs",
        "Proto-Finnic verbs by type/rounded"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to recover, to recuperate, to convalesce"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "recover",
          "recover"
        ],
        [
          "recuperate",
          "recuperate"
        ],
        [
          "convalesce",
          "convalesce"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "toipudak"
}

Download raw JSONL data for toipudak meaning in Proto-Finnic (13.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.