"rugis" meaning in Proto-Finnic

See rugis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rugiz. Has also been compared with Baltic words (like Latvian rudzis, Lithuanian rugỹs, Old Prussian rugis), but a borrowing from Baltic or Balto-Slavic would not have resulted in *rugis, but **rugëh. Etymology templates: {{bor|urj-fin-pro|gem-pro|*rugiz}} Proto-Germanic *rugiz, {{cog|lv|rudzis}} Latvian rudzis, {{cog|lt|rugỹs}} Lithuanian rugỹs, {{cog|prg|rugis}} Old Prussian rugis Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-decl|rukis}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], rugis [nominative, singular], rukihët [nominative, plural], rukihën [accusative, singular], rukihët [accusative, plural], rukihën [genitive, singular], rugistën [genitive, plural], rukihidën [genitive, plural], rugista [partitive, singular], rukihita [partitive, plural], rukihëssa [inessive, singular], rukihëhna [inessive, singular], rukihissa [inessive, plural], rukihihna [inessive, plural], rukihësta [elative, singular], rukihista [elative, plural], rukihësën [illative, singular], rukihisën [illative, plural], rukihëlla [adessive, singular], rukihilla [adessive, plural], rukihëlta [ablative, singular], rukihilta [ablative, plural], rukihëlën [allative, singular], rukihëlëk [allative, singular], rukihilën [allative, plural], rukihilëk [allative, plural], rugissa [essive, singular], rukihina [essive, plural], rukihëksi [singular, translative], rukihiksi [plural, translative], rukihën [instructive, singular], rukihin [instructive, plural], rugissëk [comitative, singular], rukihinëk [comitative, plural], rukihëtta [abessive, singular], rukihitta [abessive, plural]
  1. rye Tags: reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "rukis"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: rukis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: rukis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "ruis"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: ruis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: ruis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "ruis"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: ruis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: ruis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Karelian: ruis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "South Karelian: ruis, (dialectal) ruiš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "liv",
            "2": "ri’ggõz"
          },
          "expansion": "Livonian: ri’ggõz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livonian: ri’ggõz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "ruiš"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: ruiš",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: ruiš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "rugiž"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: rugiž",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: rugiž"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "rugiž"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: rugiž",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: rugiž"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "rüiz",
            "3": "ruiz"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: rüiz, ruiz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: rüiz, ruiz"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rugiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "rudzis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian rudzis",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "rugỹs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian rugỹs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "rugis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian rugis",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rugiz. Has also been compared with Baltic words (like Latvian rudzis, Lithuanian rugỹs, Old Prussian rugis), but a borrowing from Baltic or Balto-Slavic would not have resulted in *rugis, but **rugëh.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugistën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëssa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëhna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihësta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihësën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëlla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëlta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëlën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëlëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugissëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëtta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rukis"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rugis",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rye"
      ],
      "id": "en-rugis-urj-fin-pro-noun-v6waQjAx",
      "links": [
        [
          "rye",
          "rye"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugis"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "et",
            "2": "rukis"
          },
          "expansion": "Estonian: rukis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Estonian: rukis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "ruis"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: ruis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: ruis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "izh",
            "2": "ruis"
          },
          "expansion": "Ingrian: ruis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ingrian: ruis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "krl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Karelian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Karelian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "North Karelian: ruis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dialectal"
          },
          "expansion": "(dialectal)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "South Karelian: ruis, (dialectal) ruiš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "liv",
            "2": "ri’ggõz"
          },
          "expansion": "Livonian: ri’ggõz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livonian: ri’ggõz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "olo",
            "2": "ruiš"
          },
          "expansion": "Livvi: ruiš",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Livvi: ruiš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lud",
            "2": "rugiž"
          },
          "expansion": "Ludian: rugiž",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ludian: rugiž"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vep",
            "2": "rugiž"
          },
          "expansion": "Veps: rugiž",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Veps: rugiž"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vot",
            "2": "rüiz",
            "3": "ruiz"
          },
          "expansion": "Votic: rüiz, ruiz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Votic: rüiz, ruiz"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*rugiz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *rugiz",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "rudzis"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian rudzis",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "rugỹs"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian rugỹs",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "prg",
        "2": "rugis"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Prussian rugis",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *rugiz. Has also been compared with Baltic words (like Latvian rudzis, Lithuanian rugỹs, Old Prussian rugis), but a borrowing from Baltic or Balto-Slavic would not have resulted in *rugis, but **rugëh.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihët",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugistën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihita",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëssa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëhna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihësta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihësën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihisën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëlla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëlta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëlën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëlëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rugissëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihëtta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rukihitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rukis"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/rugis",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
        "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
        "Proto-Finnic nouns",
        "Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
        "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "urj-fin-pro:Grains"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rye"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rye",
          "rye"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "rugis"
}

Download raw JSONL data for rugis meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.