See peeni in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "peen"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: peen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: peen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "pieni"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: pieni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: pieni"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "peeni",
"3": "peen"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: peeni, peen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: peeni, peen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "pieni"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: pieni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: pieni"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "pien"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: pien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: pien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "pien'"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: pien'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: pien'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "pen'"
},
"expansion": "Veps: pen'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: pen'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "peeni"
},
"expansion": "Votic: peeni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: peeni"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spēnuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spēnuz",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pänɜ-",
"t": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pänɜ- (“to grind”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pänɜ",
"t": "grindstone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pänɜ (“grindstone”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "fen"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian fen",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Borrowing from Proto-Germanic *spēnuz, as once proposed, is not possible due to semantic and phonetic issues (it, however, was probably borrowed into Finnic as *pëëna). If the Finnic word goes back to earlier *päne, it could be related to Proto-Uralic *pänɜ- (“to grind”) (akin to Proto-Uralic *pänɜ (“grindstone”), whence e.g. Hungarian fen), through a development like \"to grind (fine)\" > \"fine\" > \"small\", although this kind of zero derivation of an adjective from a verb has no known parallels.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "peeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peeniden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peentä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenidä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenessä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenehnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenissä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenihnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenestä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenistä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenehen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenihen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenellä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenillä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peeneltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peeniltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenelek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenilen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenilek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peennä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peeninä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peeneksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "peeniksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "peenen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peennek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peeninek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenettä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenittä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peene"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/peeni",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"little, small"
],
"id": "en-peeni-urj-fin-pro-adj-JkIMO~ub",
"links": [
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"small",
"small"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fine"
],
"id": "en-peeni-urj-fin-pro-adj-0UpYuugE",
"links": [
[
"fine",
"fine"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "peeni"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "peen"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: peen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: peen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "pieni"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: pieni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: pieni"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "peeni",
"3": "peen"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: peeni, peen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: peeni, peen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "pieni"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: pieni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: pieni"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "pien"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: pien",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: pien"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "pien'"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: pien'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: pien'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "pen'"
},
"expansion": "Veps: pen'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: pen'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "peeni"
},
"expansion": "Votic: peeni",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: peeni"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unknown"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*spēnuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *spēnuz",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pänɜ-",
"t": "to grind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pänɜ- (“to grind”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-pro",
"2": "*pänɜ",
"t": "grindstone"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *pänɜ (“grindstone”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "fen"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian fen",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Borrowing from Proto-Germanic *spēnuz, as once proposed, is not possible due to semantic and phonetic issues (it, however, was probably borrowed into Finnic as *pëëna). If the Finnic word goes back to earlier *päne, it could be related to Proto-Uralic *pänɜ- (“to grind”) (akin to Proto-Uralic *pänɜ (“grindstone”), whence e.g. Hungarian fen), through a development like \"to grind (fine)\" > \"fine\" > \"small\", although this kind of zero derivation of an adjective from a verb has no known parallels.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "peeni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peeniden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peentä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenidä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenessä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenehnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenissä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenihnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenestä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenistä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenehen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenihen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenellä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenillä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peeneltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peeniltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenelen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenelek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenilen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenilek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peennä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peeninä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peeneksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "peeniksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "peenen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peennek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peeninek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "peenettä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peenittä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peene"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/peeni",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"little, small"
],
"links": [
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"small",
"small"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fine"
],
"links": [
[
"fine",
"fine"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "peeni"
}
Download raw JSONL data for peeni meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.