See kulu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "ku’l"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: ku’l",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: ku’l"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kuludak",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "*kuludak + *-u",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kuludak + *-u.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuludën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kululëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kulu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kulu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"expense, cost"
],
"id": "en-kulu-urj-fin-pro-noun-2RZT1eGl",
"links": [
[
"expense",
"expense"
],
[
"cost",
"cost"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"worn out thing"
],
"id": "en-kulu-urj-fin-pro-noun-x8LLhc24",
"links": [
[
"worn out",
"worn out"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kulu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-u"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "ku’l"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: ku’l",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: ku’l"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kuludak",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "*kuludak + *-u",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kuludak + *-u.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuludën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kululëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kulu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kulu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"expense, cost"
],
"links": [
[
"expense",
"expense"
],
[
"cost",
"cost"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"worn out thing"
],
"links": [
[
"worn out",
"worn out"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kulu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kulu meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.