See kulu in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "ku’l"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: ku’l",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: ku’l"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kuludak",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "*kuludak + *-u",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kuludak + *-u.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuludën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kululëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kulu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kulu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"expense, cost"
],
"id": "en-kulu-urj-fin-pro-noun-2RZT1eGl",
"links": [
[
"expense",
"expense"
],
[
"cost",
"cost"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-u",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"worn out thing"
],
"id": "en-kulu-urj-fin-pro-noun-x8LLhc24",
"links": [
[
"worn out",
"worn out"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kulu"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-u"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "ku’l"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: ku’l",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: ku’l"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kulu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "kulu"
},
"expansion": "Võro: kulu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: kulu"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kuludak",
"3": "*-u"
},
"expansion": "*kuludak + *-u",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kuludak + *-u.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuludën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluida",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluihën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kululën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kululëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuluitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kulu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kulu",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"expense, cost"
],
"links": [
[
"expense",
"expense"
],
[
"cost",
"cost"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"worn out thing"
],
"links": [
[
"worn out",
"worn out"
],
[
"thing",
"thing"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kulu"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kulu meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.