See kontija in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for kontija meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kontio",
"3": "kontia",
"q2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kontio, (dialectal) kontia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kontio, (dialectal) kontia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "konja",
"bor": "1",
"q": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: (dialectal) konja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: (dialectal) konja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kontie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kondie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kondii"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kondii",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kondii"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kondii"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kondii",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kondii"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kondi"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kondi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kondi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "smi"
},
"expansion": "Sami",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kuomčë",
"3": "",
"4": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *kuomčë (“bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kontidak",
"3": "*ja",
"id2": "agent"
},
"expansion": "*kontidak + *-ja",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Several possible origins have been proposed, including:\n# A loan from a Sami language; compare Proto-Samic *kuomčë (“bear”), which could itself be a substrate word. The sound substition *č → *ti would be unusual, but has a small number of parallels.\n# *kontidak + *-ja, a taboo formation meaning \"the slow walker\".\nAikio (2009) argues that given the exact semantic match, the first explanation should be preferred.\nA large number of additional hypotheses have been explored by Oksanen (2007).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kontija",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijasën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kontija",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kontija"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kontija",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Proto-Finnic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"id": "en-kontija-urj-fin-pro-noun-vJi7UOgJ",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Finnic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Finnic) bear"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*karhu"
},
{
"word": "*okci"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kontija"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kontio",
"3": "kontia",
"q2": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kontio, (dialectal) kontia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kontio, (dialectal) kontia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "konja",
"bor": "1",
"q": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "→ Estonian: (dialectal) konja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Estonian: (dialectal) konja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kontie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kondie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kondii"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kondii",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kondii"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kondii"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: kondii",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: kondii"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "kondi"
},
"expansion": "Veps: kondi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: kondi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "smi"
},
"expansion": "Sami",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*kuomčë",
"3": "",
"4": "bear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *kuomčë (“bear”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kontidak",
"3": "*ja",
"id2": "agent"
},
"expansion": "*kontidak + *-ja",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Several possible origins have been proposed, including:\n# A loan from a Sami language; compare Proto-Samic *kuomčë (“bear”), which could itself be a substrate word. The sound substition *č → *ti would be unusual, but has a small number of parallels.\n# *kontidak + *-ja, a taboo formation meaning \"the slow walker\".\nAikio (2009) argues that given the exact semantic match, the first explanation should be preferred.\nA large number of additional hypotheses have been explored by Oksanen (2007).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kontija",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijadën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijasën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kontijoitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "*kontija",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kontija"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kontija",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Proto-Finnic",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"urj-fin-pro:Ursids"
],
"glosses": [
"bear"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
]
],
"qualifier": "Northern Finnic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Northern Finnic) bear"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*karhu"
},
{
"word": "*okci"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kontija"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.