See kiukasa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Southern Ostrobothnia"
},
"expansion": "(Southern Ostrobothnia)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: (Southern Ostrobothnia) kiukas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "tšiukaz",
"q1": "Mati"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Mati) tšiukaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Mati) tšiukaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "standard"
},
"expansion": "(standard)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kiuas"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kiuas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(standard) Finnish: kiuas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "givgás",
"3": "givggis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: givgás, givggis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: givgás, givggis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smn",
"2": "kivkkâhâš",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Inari Sami: kivkkâhâš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Inari Sami: kivkkâhâš"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Votic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-kuk",
"2": "kiugas"
},
"expansion": "Kukkuzi: kiugas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kukkuzi: kiugas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Eastern"
},
"expansion": "(Eastern)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: (Eastern) kiukua (“kiukuva”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Northern"
},
"expansion": "(Northern)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Southern"
},
"expansion": "(Southern)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Karelian: (Northern) kiukua, (Southern) kiugua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kiukaa"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kiukaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kiukaa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kivi",
"3": "*kasa",
"t1": "stone",
"t2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *kivi (“stone”) + *kasa (“pile”)",
"name": "univerbation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kiudug"
},
"expansion": "Ludian kiudug",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "küudug"
},
"expansion": "Veps küudug",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *kivi (“stone”) + *kasa (“pile”), with the first part being shortened. Most descendants shorten the second part as well, turning the word into an *-as-stem (either with or without consonant gradation of *-k-), in eastern varieties further generalized into an unalternating aa-stem.\nMany sources assert instead *kota as the original second element, but Ylikoski (2016) argues that this does not match almost any of the descendants, and shows that no detailed argument for this reconstruction has ever been given. Pahomov (2017) on the contrary insists that some eastern Finnic words, such as Ludian kiudug and Veps küudug, do descend from this via regular metathesis, through *kiukuδa < *kivikota.",
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kiukasa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stove in a sauna"
],
"id": "en-kiukasa-urj-fin-pro-noun--Rjg8xvN",
"links": [
[
"stove",
"stove"
],
[
"sauna",
"sauna"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Ludian kiudug"
},
{
"word": "Veps küudug"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kiukasa"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Southern Ostrobothnia"
},
"expansion": "(Southern Ostrobothnia)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: (Southern Ostrobothnia) kiukas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "tšiukaz",
"q1": "Mati"
},
"expansion": "Votic: (Mati) tšiukaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (Mati) tšiukaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "standard"
},
"expansion": "(standard)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kiuas"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kiuas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(standard) Finnish: kiuas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "givgás",
"3": "givggis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: givgás, givggis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: givgás, givggis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smn",
"2": "kivkkâhâš",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Inari Sami: kivkkâhâš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Inari Sami: kivkkâhâš"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Votic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-kuk",
"2": "kiugas"
},
"expansion": "Kukkuzi: kiugas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kukkuzi: kiugas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Eastern"
},
"expansion": "(Eastern)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: (Eastern) kiukua (“kiukuva”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Northern"
},
"expansion": "(Northern)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Southern"
},
"expansion": "(Southern)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "→ Karelian: (Northern) kiukua, (Southern) kiugua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kiukaa"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: kiukaa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: kiukaa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kivi",
"3": "*kasa",
"t1": "stone",
"t2": "pile"
},
"expansion": "Univerbation of *kivi (“stone”) + *kasa (“pile”)",
"name": "univerbation"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "kiudug"
},
"expansion": "Ludian kiudug",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "küudug"
},
"expansion": "Veps küudug",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of *kivi (“stone”) + *kasa (“pile”), with the first part being shortened. Most descendants shorten the second part as well, turning the word into an *-as-stem (either with or without consonant gradation of *-k-), in eastern varieties further generalized into an unalternating aa-stem.\nMany sources assert instead *kota as the original second element, but Ylikoski (2016) argues that this does not match almost any of the descendants, and shows that no detailed argument for this reconstruction has ever been given. Pahomov (2017) on the contrary insists that some eastern Finnic words, such as Ludian kiudug and Veps küudug, do descend from this via regular metathesis, through *kiukuδa < *kivikota.",
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kiukasa",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Ludian kiudug"
},
{
"word": "Veps küudug"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic univerbations"
],
"glosses": [
"stove in a sauna"
],
"links": [
[
"stove",
"stove"
],
[
"sauna",
"sauna"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kiukasa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kiukasa meaning in Proto-Finnic (3.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.