See kalbas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kalvas"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kalvas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kalvas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kalpea"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kalpea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kalpea"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kalbie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kalbei"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kalbei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kalbei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kalvakka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kalvakka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kalvakka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kalvakka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kalvakka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kalpakko"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kalpakko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kalpakko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "ine"
},
"expansion": "Indo-European",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*albʰós",
"4": "*(H)albʰós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)albʰós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly an early loan from Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)albʰós, relying on the assertion that an initial Indo-European laryngeal could be reflected as a *k- when borrowed into Uralic or Finnic languages, which has been disputed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbastën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahësën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbassëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kalbas"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalbas",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pale"
],
"id": "en-kalbas-urj-fin-pro-adj-PmgF2eb3",
"links": [
[
"pale",
"pale"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kalbas"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kalvas"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kalvas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kalvas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kalpea"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kalpea",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kalpea"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kalbie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kalbei"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kalbei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kalbei"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "kalvakka"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: kalvakka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: kalvakka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: kalvakka"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: kalvakka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "kalpakko"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: kalpakko",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: kalpakko"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "ine"
},
"expansion": "Indo-European",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*albʰós",
"4": "*(H)albʰós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)albʰós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly an early loan from Indo-European language, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(H)albʰós, relying on the assertion that an initial Indo-European laryngeal could be reflected as a *k- when borrowed into Uralic or Finnic languages, which has been disputed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbastën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahësën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbassëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kalbahitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kalbas"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kalbas",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/Vle, Vne, Vre, Vse",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Indo-European languages",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Indo-European languages",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"pale"
],
"links": [
[
"pale",
"pale"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kalbas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kalbas meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.