See jumala in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for jumala meaning in Proto-Finnic (7.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "jumal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: jumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: jumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "jumala"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: jumala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: jumala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "jumala"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: jumala",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Soikkola"
},
"expansion": "(Soikkola)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: jumala, (Soikkola) jummaala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "jumala"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: jumala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: jumala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "jumāl"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: jumāl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: jumāl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "jumal"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: jumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: jumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "d'umal"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: d'umal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: d'umal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "jumal"
},
"expansion": "Veps: jumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: jumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "jummal'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: jummal'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: jummal'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "jumalõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: jumalõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: jumalõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "Jupmele",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Sami: Jupmele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Sami: Jupmele"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smj",
"2": "jubmel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lule Sami: jubmel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lule Sami: jubmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sje",
"2": "jupmêl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Pite Sami: jupmêl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Pite Sami: jupmêl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sju",
"2": "jybmela",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ume Sami: jybmela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ume Sami: jybmela"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ipmil",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ipmil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: ipmil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smn",
"2": "immeel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Inari Sami: immeel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Inari Sami: immeel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sia",
"2": "юммель",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Akkala Sami: юммель (jumm’el’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Akkala Sami: юммель (jumm’el’)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "ӣммель",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: ӣммель (jimm’el’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kildin Sami: ӣммель (jimm’el’)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjt",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "jimmel̜"
},
"expansion": "→ Ter Sami: [Term?] (jimmel̜)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ter Sami: [Term?] (jimmel̜)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*juma",
"3": "*-la",
"lang1": "urj-fpr-pro",
"t1": "sky, god"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *juma (“sky, god”) + *-la",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*dyūman-",
"4": "",
"5": "shining, divine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyūman- (“shining, divine”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Finno-Permic *juma (“sky, god”) + *-la, probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyūman- (“shining, divine”). First attested in 1026 in a description of St. Olaf's journey to Karelia, in which it appears in the form Jómali, referring to a holy statue, possibly of the sky god of the pagan Finns. May also be related to Baltic *Jumala in Latgalian Jumala (“goddess of harvest and fertility”), which could be borrowed from Finnic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "jumala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaladën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalasën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jumala"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/jumala",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-la",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"god"
],
"id": "en-jumala-urj-fin-pro-noun-VyM2DvEQ",
"links": [
[
"god",
"god"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Olaf II of Norway"
]
}
],
"word": "jumala"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "jumal"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: jumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: jumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "jumala"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: jumala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: jumala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "jumala"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: jumala",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Soikkola"
},
"expansion": "(Soikkola)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: jumala, (Soikkola) jummaala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "jumala"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: jumala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: jumala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "jumāl"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: jumāl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: jumāl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "jumal"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: jumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: jumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "d'umal"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: d'umal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: d'umal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "jumal"
},
"expansion": "Veps: jumal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: jumal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "jummal'"
},
"expansion": "Võro: jummal'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: jummal'"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "jumalõ"
},
"expansion": "Votic: jumalõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: jumalõ"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sma",
"2": "Jupmele",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Southern Sami: Jupmele",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Sami: Jupmele"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smj",
"2": "jubmel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lule Sami: jubmel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lule Sami: jubmel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sje",
"2": "jupmêl",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Pite Sami: jupmêl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Pite Sami: jupmêl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sju",
"2": "jybmela",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ume Sami: jybmela",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ume Sami: jybmela"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "se",
"2": "ipmil",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Sami: ipmil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Sami: ipmil"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smn",
"2": "immeel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Inari Sami: immeel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Inari Sami: immeel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sia",
"2": "юммель",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Akkala Sami: юммель (jumm’el’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Akkala Sami: юммель (jumm’el’)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "ӣммель",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Kildin Sami: ӣммель (jimm’el’)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Kildin Sami: ӣммель (jimm’el’)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjt",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "jimmel̜"
},
"expansion": "→ Ter Sami: [Term?] (jimmel̜)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ter Sami: [Term?] (jimmel̜)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*juma",
"3": "*-la",
"lang1": "urj-fpr-pro",
"t1": "sky, god"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *juma (“sky, god”) + *-la",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*dyūman-",
"4": "",
"5": "shining, divine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyūman- (“shining, divine”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Proto-Finno-Permic *juma (“sky, god”) + *-la, probably borrowed from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyūman- (“shining, divine”). First attested in 1026 in a description of St. Olaf's journey to Karelia, in which it appears in the form Jómali, referring to a holy statue, possibly of the sky god of the pagan Finns. May also be related to Baltic *Jumala in Latgalian Jumala (“goddess of harvest and fertility”), which could be borrowed from Finnic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "jumala",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalat",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaladën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalata",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalassa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalahna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalasën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalalla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalalta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalalën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalalëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalana",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalaksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalanëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "jumalatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "jumaloitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jumala"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/jumala",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-la",
"urj-fin-pro:Religion"
],
"glosses": [
"god"
],
"links": [
[
"god",
"god"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Olaf II of Norway"
]
}
],
"word": "jumala"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.