See hüvä in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "hea",
"3": "hüva",
"4": "hää<q:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: hea, hüva, (dialectal) hää",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: hea, hüva, (dialectal) hää"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hyvä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: hyvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hyvin",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Finnish: hyvin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Finnish: hyvin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hyvens",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: hyvens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: hyvens"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "hyvä"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: hyvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Courland Livonian: juva, jõvā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vidzeme Livonian: jua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "hyvä"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: hyvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "hüvä"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: hüvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: hüvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "hüvä"
},
"expansion": "Veps: hüvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: hüvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "hüvä",
"3": "hüä",
"4": "hää"
},
"expansion": "Võro: hüvä, hüä, hää",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: hüvä, hüä, hää"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "üvä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: üvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: üvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*šuvë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *šuvë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *šuvë (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sëvētēk",
"3": "",
"4": "to heal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *sëvētēk (“to heal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir"
},
"expansion": "Indo-Iranian",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिव",
"3": "",
"4": "auspicious, favorable"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शिव (śiva, “auspicious, favorable”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "чив",
"3": "",
"4": "good"
},
"expansion": "Erzya чив (čiv, “good”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, but probably related to Proto-Samic *sëvētēk (“to heal”), from common *šiwä, *šüwä. Has been proposed by Koivulehto (2009) to be an Indo-Iranian loan (compare Sanskrit शिव (śiva, “auspicious, favorable”)), but Holopainen (2019) rejects this etymology. Further often compared to Erzya чив (čiv, “good”), but according to Holopainen (2019), this must derive from earlier *čewä, which proves an obstacle (but compare *jüvä < earlier *jewä).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüväden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvädä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveidä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvässä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvähnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveissä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveihnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvästä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveistä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvähen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveihen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvällä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveillä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvältä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveiltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvälen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvälek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveilen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveilek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvänä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveinä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüväksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvein",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvänek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveinek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvättä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveittä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hüvä"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hüvä",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "hüvüc"
}
],
"glosses": [
"good"
],
"id": "en-hüvä-urj-fin-pro-adj-dw5gdiTW",
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hüvä"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "hüvüc"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "hea",
"3": "hüva",
"4": "hää<q:dialectal>"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: hea, hüva, (dialectal) hää",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: hea, hüva, (dialectal) hää"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hyvä"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: hyvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hyvin",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Finnish: hyvin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Finnish: hyvin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "hyvens",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: hyvens",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: hyvens"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "hyvä"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: hyvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Courland Livonian: juva, jõvā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Vidzeme Livonian: jua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "hyvä"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: hyvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: hyvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "hüvä"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: hüvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: hüvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "hüvä"
},
"expansion": "Veps: hüvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: hüvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "hüvä",
"3": "hüä",
"4": "hää"
},
"expansion": "Võro: hüvä, hüä, hää",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: hüvä, hüä, hää"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "üvä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: üvä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: üvä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*šuvë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *šuvë",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *šuvë (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*sëvētēk",
"3": "",
"4": "to heal"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *sëvētēk (“to heal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir"
},
"expansion": "Indo-Iranian",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शिव",
"3": "",
"4": "auspicious, favorable"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शिव (śiva, “auspicious, favorable”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "myv",
"2": "чив",
"3": "",
"4": "good"
},
"expansion": "Erzya чив (čiv, “good”)",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, but probably related to Proto-Samic *sëvētēk (“to heal”), from common *šiwä, *šüwä. Has been proposed by Koivulehto (2009) to be an Indo-Iranian loan (compare Sanskrit शिव (śiva, “auspicious, favorable”)), but Holopainen (2019) rejects this etymology. Further often compared to Erzya чив (čiv, “good”), but according to Holopainen (2019), this must derive from earlier *čewä, which proves an obstacle (but compare *jüvä < earlier *jewä).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvät",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüväden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveiden",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvädä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveidä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvässä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvähnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveissä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveihnä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvästä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveistä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvähen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveihen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvällä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveillä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvältä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveiltä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvälen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvälek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveilen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveilek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvänä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveinä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüväksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvän",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvein",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvänek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveinek",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hüvättä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hüveittä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hüvä"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hüvä",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adjectives",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-ei",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"good"
],
"links": [
[
"good",
"good"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hüvä"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hüvä meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.