See hibus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "juus"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: juus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: juus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hius"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: hius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: hius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "hius"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: hius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: hius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "hivus"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: hivus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: hivus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "ibūks"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: ibūks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: ibūks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "hivus"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: hivus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: hivus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "hivus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ludian: hivus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ludian: hivus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "hibuz"
},
"expansion": "Veps: hibuz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: hibuz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "hius"
},
"expansion": "Võro: hius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: hius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ivuz"
},
"expansion": "Votic: ivuz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: ivuz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hiwją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hiwją",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hipjä",
"3": "*us",
"id2": "denominal",
"t1": "skin"
},
"expansion": "*hipjä (“skin”) + *-us",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hiwją with the suffix *-us, either directly or later within Finnic as *hipjä (“skin”) + *-us. Loss of *h in Estonian is irregular, but could be due to the influence of *iho (“skin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hibus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibustën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksësën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibussëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hipuks"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hibus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hair on the head"
],
"id": "en-hibus-urj-fin-pro-noun-ixCNDdIW",
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) hair on the head"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"sense": "hair on the head",
"word": "tukka"
}
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/kce, pce, kse, pse",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-us (denominal)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hair, strand of hair"
],
"id": "en-hibus-urj-fin-pro-noun--zCArcie",
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"strand",
"strand"
]
],
"qualifier": "single",
"raw_glosses": [
"(single) hair, strand of hair"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"sense": "single hair",
"word": "habën"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"sense": "single hair",
"word": "hapci"
},
{
"_dis1": "41 59",
"sense": "single hair",
"word": "kalki"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "hibus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/kce, pce, kse, pse",
"Proto-Finnic nouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Finnic terms suffixed with *-us (denominal)",
"urj-fin-pro:Body"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "juus"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: juus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: juus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "hius"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: hius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: hius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "hius"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: hius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: hius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "hivus"
},
"expansion": "Karelian: hivus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: hivus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "ibūks"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: ibūks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: ibūks"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "hivus"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: hivus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: hivus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "hivus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ludian: hivus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ludian: hivus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "hibuz"
},
"expansion": "Veps: hibuz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: hibuz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "hius"
},
"expansion": "Võro: hius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: hius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "ivuz"
},
"expansion": "Votic: ivuz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: ivuz"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hiwją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hiwją",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*hipjä",
"3": "*us",
"id2": "denominal",
"t1": "skin"
},
"expansion": "*hipjä (“skin”) + *-us",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *hiwją with the suffix *-us, either directly or later within Finnic as *hipjä (“skin”) + *-us. Loss of *h in Estonian is irregular, but could be due to the influence of *iho (“skin”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hibus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksët",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibustën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksidën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksita",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëssa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksissa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksihna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksësta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksista",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksësën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksisën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëlla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksilla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëlta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksilta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëlën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëlëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksilën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksilëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksina",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksiksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibussëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksinëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksëtta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hibuksitta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hipuks"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hibus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hair on the head"
],
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"head",
"head"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) hair on the head"
],
"tags": [
"plural-normally",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hair, strand of hair"
],
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"strand",
"strand"
]
],
"qualifier": "single",
"raw_glosses": [
"(single) hair, strand of hair"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "hair on the head",
"word": "tukka"
},
{
"sense": "single hair",
"word": "habën"
},
{
"sense": "single hair",
"word": "hapci"
},
{
"sense": "single hair",
"word": "kalki"
}
],
"word": "hibus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hibus meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (f2d86ce and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.