See cinä in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "sina",
"3": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: sina, sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: sina, sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "sinä",
"3": "sä<q:colloquial/dialectal>",
"4": "sää",
"5": "siä",
"6": "sie"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: sinä, (colloquial/dialectal) sä, sää, siä, sie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: sinä, (colloquial/dialectal) sä, sää, siä, sie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fkv",
"2": "sie"
},
"expansion": "Kven: sie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kven: sie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "siä"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: siä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: siä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: šie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: šie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "sinā",
"3": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: sinā, sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: sinā, sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "sinä"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: sinä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: sinä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "sina"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: sina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: sina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "sinä"
},
"expansion": "Veps: sinä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: sinä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "sa",
"3": "saq"
},
"expansion": "Võro: sa, saq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: sa, saq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "siä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: siä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: siä"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*tinä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *tinä",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *tinä.\nThe exact development of the nominative form *cinA and the inflected stem *cinu- is unclear. Traditionally, it has been thought that the *-u in oblique forms originates from a dual inflection, which has otherwise been lost (compare the Proto-Samic second-person dual pronoun *tonōj). More recently, however, this has been questioned. Kallio (2021) points out that in South Estonian (including Võro), the nominative vowel is in fact a back vowel *a, unlike in most other Finnic languages where it is *ä, and the inflection stem vowel is *-o- instead of *-u-. He considers *-u- primary, but doesn't leave out the possibility that *a is primary, or that the original form may have even been *cin. This ties in to wider discussion about the exact form this pronoun had in Proto-Uralic as well.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cinä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinulla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinulta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinulën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cinulëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "cinun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "pronouns",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "*cinä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cinu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cinä",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic personal pronouns",
"parents": [
"Personal pronouns",
"Pronouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you (singular)"
],
"id": "en-cinä-urj-fin-pro-pron-MeCHsmMq",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "cinä"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "sina",
"3": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: sina, sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: sina, sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "sinä",
"3": "sä<q:colloquial/dialectal>",
"4": "sää",
"5": "siä",
"6": "sie"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: sinä, (colloquial/dialectal) sä, sää, siä, sie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: sinä, (colloquial/dialectal) sä, sää, siä, sie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fkv",
"2": "sie"
},
"expansion": "Kven: sie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kven: sie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "siä"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: siä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: siä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: šie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: šie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "sinā",
"3": "sa"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: sinā, sa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: sinā, sa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "sinä"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: sinä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: sinä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "sina"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: sina",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: sina"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "sinä"
},
"expansion": "Veps: sinä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: sinä"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "sa",
"3": "saq"
},
"expansion": "Võro: sa, saq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: sa, saq"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "siä"
},
"expansion": "Votic: siä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: siä"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*tinä"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *tinä",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *tinä.\nThe exact development of the nominative form *cinA and the inflected stem *cinu- is unclear. Traditionally, it has been thought that the *-u in oblique forms originates from a dual inflection, which has otherwise been lost (compare the Proto-Samic second-person dual pronoun *tonōj). More recently, however, this has been questioned. Kallio (2021) points out that in South Estonian (including Võro), the nominative vowel is in fact a back vowel *a, unlike in most other Finnic languages where it is *ä, and the inflection stem vowel is *-o- instead of *-u-. He considers *-u- primary, but doesn't leave out the possibility that *a is primary, or that the original form may have even been *cin. This ties in to wider discussion about the exact form this pronoun had in Proto-Uralic as well.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "urj-fin-decl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cinä",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuda",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinussa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuhna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinusta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuhën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinulla",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinulta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinulën",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cinulëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinuksi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "cinun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinunëk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cinutta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "pronouns",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "*cinä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cinu"
},
"name": "urj-fin-decl"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cinä",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic nominals by type/rounded",
"Proto-Finnic personal pronouns",
"Proto-Finnic pronouns",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"glosses": [
"you (singular)"
],
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "cinä"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cinä meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.