"cika" meaning in Proto-Finnic

See cika in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From earlier *tika, as a part of the old layer of agricultural terminology in the more western Uralic languages whose origin remains unclear (possibly substratal). Generally considered to be related at least to the Proto-Mordvinic *tuvə (“pig”), although the sound correspondences are not entirely regular. According to Koivulehto, the word might be a loanword from Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”) (whence German Ziege), but this remains uncertain due to the semantic difference (compare however *lehmä). Another possibility is an old borrowing from Balto-Slavic from the same word whence Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”), in which case the word would be cognate with Polish dzik (“wild boar”) and possibly Laconian Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”). Etymology templates: {{unk|urj-fin-pro|title=unclear}} unclear, {{cog|urj-mdv-pro|*tuvə||pig}} Proto-Mordvinic *tuvə (“pig”), {{ncog|gmw-pro|*tigā||goat}} Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”), {{ncog|de|Ziege}} German Ziege, {{der|urj-fin-pro|ine-bsl}} Balto-Slavic, {{ncog|sla-pro|*dikъ||wild animal, especially a wild boar}} Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”), {{ncog|pl|dzik||wild boar}} Polish dzik (“wild boar”), {{ncog|grc|σίκα||pig}} Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”) Inflection templates: {{urj-fin-decl|cika}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], cika [nominative, singular], cigat [nominative, plural], cigan [accusative, singular], cigat [accusative, plural], cigan [genitive, singular], cikadën [genitive, plural], cikoidën [genitive, plural], cikada [partitive, singular], cikoida [partitive, plural], cigassa [inessive, singular], cigahna [inessive, singular], cigoissa [inessive, plural], cigoihna [inessive, plural], cigasta [elative, singular], cigoista [elative, plural], cikahën [illative, singular], cikoihën [illative, plural], cigalla [adessive, singular], cigoilla [adessive, plural], cigalta [ablative, singular], cigoilta [ablative, plural], cikalën [allative, singular], cikalëk [allative, singular], cikoilën [allative, plural], cikoilëk [allative, plural], cikana [essive, singular], cikoina [essive, plural], cigaksi [singular, translative], cigoiksi [plural, translative], cigan [instructive, singular], cigoin [instructive, plural], cikanëk [comitative, singular], cikoinëk [comitative, plural], cigatta [abessive, singular], cigoitta [abessive, plural]
  1. pig Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-cika-urj-fin-pro-noun-8LjJ2E3S Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "word": "siga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "sika"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "lang_code": "izh",
      "word": "sika"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "North Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl-nor",
          "word": "šika"
        },
        {
          "lang": "South Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl-sou",
          "word": "šiga"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Karelian",
      "lang_code": "krl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livonian",
      "lang_code": "liv",
      "word": "sigā"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livvi",
      "lang_code": "olo",
      "word": "siga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ludian",
      "lang_code": "lud",
      "word": "šiga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Veps",
      "lang_code": "vep",
      "word": "siga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Võro",
      "lang_code": "vro",
      "word": "tsiga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Votic",
      "lang_code": "vot",
      "word": "sika"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Inari Sami",
          "lang_code": "smn",
          "word": "šahe"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Skolt Sami",
          "lang_code": "sms",
          "word": "šââ´ǩǩ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Kildin Sami",
          "lang_code": "sjd",
          "roman": "šagk’",
          "word": "шагкь"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Ter Sami",
          "lang_code": "sjt",
          "word": "šâkke"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Sami",
      "lang_code": "smi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "sika",
      "word": "сика"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "žižka",
      "word": "жижка"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "title": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-mdv-pro",
        "2": "*tuvə",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pig"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *tuvə (“pig”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*tigā",
        "3": "",
        "4": "goat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Ziege"
      },
      "expansion": "German Ziege",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl"
      },
      "expansion": "Balto-Slavic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*dikъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wild animal, especially a wild boar"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "dzik",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wild boar"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish dzik (“wild boar”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σίκα",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pig"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *tika, as a part of the old layer of agricultural terminology in the more western Uralic languages whose origin remains unclear (possibly substratal). Generally considered to be related at least to the Proto-Mordvinic *tuvə (“pig”), although the sound correspondences are not entirely regular.\nAccording to Koivulehto, the word might be a loanword from Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”) (whence German Ziege), but this remains uncertain due to the semantic difference (compare however *lehmä).\nAnother possibility is an old borrowing from Balto-Slavic from the same word whence Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”), in which case the word would be cognate with Polish dzik (“wild boar”) and possibly Laconian Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cika",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikadën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikada",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoida",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigassa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigahna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigalla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigalta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikalën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikalëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigaksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cika"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cika",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pig"
      ],
      "id": "en-cika-urj-fin-pro-noun-8LjJ2E3S",
      "links": [
        [
          "pig",
          "pig"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "cika"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "word": "siga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "sika"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "lang_code": "izh",
      "word": "sika"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "North Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl-nor",
          "word": "šika"
        },
        {
          "lang": "South Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl-sou",
          "word": "šiga"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Karelian",
      "lang_code": "krl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livonian",
      "lang_code": "liv",
      "word": "sigā"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livvi",
      "lang_code": "olo",
      "word": "siga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ludian",
      "lang_code": "lud",
      "word": "šiga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Veps",
      "lang_code": "vep",
      "word": "siga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Võro",
      "lang_code": "vro",
      "word": "tsiga"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Votic",
      "lang_code": "vot",
      "word": "sika"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Inari Sami",
          "lang_code": "smn",
          "word": "šahe"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Skolt Sami",
          "lang_code": "sms",
          "word": "šââ´ǩǩ"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Kildin Sami",
          "lang_code": "sjd",
          "roman": "šagk’",
          "word": "шагкь"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Ter Sami",
          "lang_code": "sjt",
          "word": "šâkke"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Sami",
      "lang_code": "smi",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ]
    },
    {
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "sika",
      "word": "сика"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Russian",
      "lang_code": "ru",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "roman": "žižka",
      "word": "жижка"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "title": "unclear"
      },
      "expansion": "unclear",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-mdv-pro",
        "2": "*tuvə",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pig"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic *tuvə (“pig”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmw-pro",
        "2": "*tigā",
        "3": "",
        "4": "goat"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Ziege"
      },
      "expansion": "German Ziege",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "ine-bsl"
      },
      "expansion": "Balto-Slavic",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*dikъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wild animal, especially a wild boar"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "dzik",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wild boar"
      },
      "expansion": "Polish dzik (“wild boar”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σίκα",
        "3": "",
        "4": "pig"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”)",
      "name": "ncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *tika, as a part of the old layer of agricultural terminology in the more western Uralic languages whose origin remains unclear (possibly substratal). Generally considered to be related at least to the Proto-Mordvinic *tuvə (“pig”), although the sound correspondences are not entirely regular.\nAccording to Koivulehto, the word might be a loanword from Proto-West Germanic *tigā (“goat”) (whence German Ziege), but this remains uncertain due to the semantic difference (compare however *lehmä).\nAnother possibility is an old borrowing from Balto-Slavic from the same word whence Proto-Slavic *dikъ (“wild animal, especially a wild boar”), in which case the word would be cognate with Polish dzik (“wild boar”) and possibly Laconian Ancient Greek σίκα (síka, “pig”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "urj-fin-decl",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cika",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikadën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoidën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikada",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoida",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "partitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigassa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigahna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoissa",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoihna",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigasta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoista",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "elative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikahën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoihën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "illative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigalla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoilla",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "adessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigalta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoilta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikalën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikalëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoilën",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoilëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "allative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikana",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoina",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "essive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigaksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoiksi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "translative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigan",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoin",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instructive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikanëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cikoinëk",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "comitative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigatta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cigoitta",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "abessive",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cika"
      },
      "name": "urj-fin-decl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/cika",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
        "Proto-Finnic nominals by type/a-oi",
        "Proto-Finnic nouns",
        "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Balto-Slavic languages",
        "Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "urj-fin-pro:Pigs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "pig"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pig",
          "pig"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "cika"
}

Download raw JSONL data for cika meaning in Proto-Finnic (6.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.