See -n in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Estonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-n<id:genitive>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Võro:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Võro: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Votic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "genitive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-n",
"id": "genitive",
"pos": "genitive marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-m",
"id": "accusative",
"pos": "accusative marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Conflated:\n* from Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker).\n* from Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Genitive ending."
],
"id": "en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-GfQisa9m",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Accusative singular ending."
],
"id": "en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-g4SVoy-Q",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-n<id:instructive>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -n"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "instructive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a Finnic development from the genitive ending (see *-n).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 6 4 3 52 16 4 5 3 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 6 65 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Instructive case ending."
],
"id": "en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-SU7CWl-4",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-n<id:verb ending>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Võro:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Võro: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -n"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "verb ending"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-m",
"id": "verb ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-m",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-m.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"First-person singular verb ending."
],
"id": "en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-fSiwK-iI",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Estonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-n<id:genitive>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Võro:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Võro: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Votic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (genitive case; transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "genitive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "accusative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-n",
"id": "genitive",
"pos": "genitive marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-m",
"id": "accusative",
"pos": "accusative marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Conflated:\n* from Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker).\n* from Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Genitive ending."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Accusative singular ending."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-n<id:instructive>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -n"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "instructive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a Finnic development from the genitive ending (see *-n).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Instructive case ending."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-n"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-n<id:verb ending>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -n"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Võro:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Võro: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-n"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -n"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "verb ending"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-m",
"id": "verb ending"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-m",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-m.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"First-person singular verb ending."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-n"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -n meaning in Proto-Finnic (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.