"-n" meaning in Proto-Finnic

See -n in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

Etymology: Conflated: * from Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker). * from Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker). Etymology templates: {{etymid|urj-fin-pro|genitive}}, {{etymid|urj-fin-pro|accusative}}, {{inh|urj-fin-pro|urj-pro|*-n|id=genitive|pos=genitive marker}} Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker), {{inh|urj-fin-pro|urj-pro|*-m|id=accusative|pos=accusative marker}} Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker) Head templates: {{head|urj-fin-pro|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}} *-n
  1. Genitive ending. Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-GfQisa9m
  2. Accusative singular ending. Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-g4SVoy-Q
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Suffix

Etymology: Probably a Finnic development from the genitive ending (see *-n). Etymology templates: {{etymid|urj-fin-pro|instructive}} Head templates: {{head|urj-fin-pro|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}} *-n
  1. Instructive case ending. Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-SU7CWl-4 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 3 3 64 19 5 2 2 2 Disambiguation of Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header: 7 6 66 22
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Suffix

Etymology: From Proto-Uralic *-m. Etymology templates: {{etymid|urj-fin-pro|verb ending}}, {{inh|urj-fin-pro|urj-pro|*-m|id=verb ending}} Proto-Uralic *-m Head templates: {{head|urj-fin-pro|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}} *-n
  1. First-person singular verb ending. Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
    Sense id: en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-fSiwK-iI
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "lang_code": "izh",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "North Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        },
        {
          "lang": "South Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Karelian",
      "lang_code": "krl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livonian",
      "lang_code": "liv"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livvi",
      "lang_code": "olo",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ludian",
      "lang_code": "lud",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Veps",
      "lang_code": "vep",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Võro",
      "lang_code": "vro"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Votic",
      "lang_code": "vot"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "accusative"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-n",
        "id": "genitive",
        "pos": "genitive marker"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-m",
        "id": "accusative",
        "pos": "accusative marker"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Conflated:\n* from Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker).\n* from Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Genitive ending."
      ],
      "id": "en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-GfQisa9m",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Accusative singular ending."
      ],
      "id": "en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-g4SVoy-Q",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "lang_code": "izh",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "North Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        },
        {
          "lang": "South Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Karelian",
      "lang_code": "krl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "instructive"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably a Finnic development from the genitive ending (see *-n).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 64 19 5 2 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "7 6 66 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Instructive case ending."
      ],
      "id": "en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-SU7CWl-4",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "lang_code": "izh",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "North Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        },
        {
          "lang": "South Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Karelian",
      "lang_code": "krl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livvi",
      "lang_code": "olo",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ludian",
      "lang_code": "lud",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Veps",
      "lang_code": "vep",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Võro",
      "lang_code": "vro"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Votic",
      "lang_code": "vot",
      "word": "-n"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "verb ending"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-m",
        "id": "verb ending"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-m",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-m.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "First-person singular verb ending."
      ],
      "id": "en--n-urj-fin-pro-suffix-fSiwK-iI",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
    "Proto-Finnic suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "lang_code": "izh",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "North Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        },
        {
          "lang": "South Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Karelian",
      "lang_code": "krl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livonian",
      "lang_code": "liv"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livvi",
      "lang_code": "olo",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ludian",
      "lang_code": "lud",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Veps",
      "lang_code": "vep",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Võro",
      "lang_code": "vro"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Votic",
      "lang_code": "vot"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "genitive"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "accusative"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-n",
        "id": "genitive",
        "pos": "genitive marker"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-m",
        "id": "accusative",
        "pos": "accusative marker"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Conflated:\n* from Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive marker).\n* from Proto-Uralic *-m (accusative marker).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Genitive ending."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Accusative singular ending."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
    "Proto-Finnic suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "lang_code": "izh",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "North Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        },
        {
          "lang": "South Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Karelian",
      "lang_code": "krl"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "instructive"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Probably a Finnic development from the genitive ending (see *-n).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Instructive case ending."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic lemmas",
    "Proto-Finnic suffixes",
    "Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
    "Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "lang_code": "et",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "lang_code": "fi",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ingrian",
      "lang_code": "izh",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "North Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        },
        {
          "lang": "South Karelian",
          "lang_code": "krl",
          "word": "-n"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Karelian",
      "lang_code": "krl"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Livvi",
      "lang_code": "olo",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Ludian",
      "lang_code": "lud",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Veps",
      "lang_code": "vep",
      "word": "-n"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Võro",
      "lang_code": "vro"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Votic",
      "lang_code": "vot",
      "word": "-n"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "verb ending"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "urj-pro",
        "3": "*-m",
        "id": "verb ending"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-m",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-m.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-n",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Finnic",
  "lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-n",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "First-person singular verb ending."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-n"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -n meaning in Proto-Finnic (4.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.