See -ko- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"alt1": "-ku",
"alt2": "-gu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -ku, -gu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -ku, -gu (e.g. olgu, joogu, andku)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"alt1": "-koon"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -koon",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-ko-hën</i>"
},
"expansion": "(probably < *-ko-hën)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -koon (e.g. olkoon, juokoon, antakoon) (probably < *-ko-hën)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"alt1": "-koo"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -koo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -koo (e.g. olkoo, jookoo, antakoo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"alt1": "-gõ",
"alt2": "-g",
"alt3": "-õg",
"alt4": "-kkõ",
"alt5": "-kõ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Livonian: -gõ, -g, -õg, -kkõ, -kõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Livonian: -gõ, -g, -õg, -kkõ, -kõ (e.g. vȯlkõ, jūogõ, āndag)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"alt1": "-kuq/-guq"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -kuq/-guq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -kuq/-guq (e.g. olkuq, jooguq, andkuq)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"alt1": "-ko/-go"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -ko/-go",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -ko/-go (e.g. õlko, juuko, antõgo)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare *-ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-ko-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ko-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Imperative?/jussive?/optative? mood marker in the third person."
],
"id": "en--ko--urj-fin-pro-infix-Bmsf-ecr",
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ka-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"alt1": "-ku",
"alt2": "-gu"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -ku, -gu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -ku, -gu (e.g. olgu, joogu, andku)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"alt1": "-koon"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -koon",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably < <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"urj-fin-pro\">*-ko-hën</i>"
},
"expansion": "(probably < *-ko-hën)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -koon (e.g. olkoon, juokoon, antakoon) (probably < *-ko-hën)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"alt1": "-koo"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -koo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -koo (e.g. olkoo, jookoo, antakoo)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"alt1": "-gõ",
"alt2": "-g",
"alt3": "-õg",
"alt4": "-kkõ",
"alt5": "-kõ",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Livonian: -gõ, -g, -õg, -kkõ, -kõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Livonian: -gõ, -g, -õg, -kkõ, -kõ (e.g. vȯlkõ, jūogõ, āndag)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"alt1": "-kuq/-guq"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -kuq/-guq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -kuq/-guq (e.g. olkuq, jooguq, andkuq)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"alt1": "-ko/-go"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -ko/-go",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -ko/-go (e.g. õlko, juuko, antõgo)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Compare *-ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-ko-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ko-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic infixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"Imperative?/jussive?/optative? mood marker in the third person."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*-ka-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ko-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ko- meaning in Proto-Finnic (2.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (8c1bb29 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.