See -k in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-∅",
"id1": "k-lative",
"qq1": "no visible spelling",
"sc1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "lative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-k",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ŋ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Uralic *-k, but such a lative suffix may not have actually existed in Proto-Uralic; perhaps instead from Proto-Uralic *-ŋ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-k",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-k",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 13 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms lative adverbs."
],
"id": "en--k-urj-fin-pro-suffix-U5GXAXpU",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-k"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Estonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-∅",
"id1": "verb ending",
"qq1": "no visible spelling",
"sc1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change; imperative only"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change; imperative only)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change; imperative only)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livvi:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ludian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Veps:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Veps: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Võro:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sometimes"
},
"expansion": "(sometimes)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Võro: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change), -q (sometimes)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Votic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Eastern Votic"
},
"expansion": "(Eastern Votic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change), -g (Eastern Votic)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "verb ending"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-k",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-k.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-k",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-k",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 13 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The second-person singular imperative ending."
],
"id": "en--k-urj-fin-pro-suffix-8BjyXoKA",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 13 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 19 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The connegative verb ending."
],
"id": "en--k-urj-fin-pro-suffix-TQedYOBh",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-k"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic adverb-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-∅",
"id1": "k-lative",
"qq1": "no visible spelling",
"sc1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "lative"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-k",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-ŋ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ŋ",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from Proto-Uralic *-k, but such a lative suffix may not have actually existed in Proto-Uralic; perhaps instead from Proto-Uralic *-ŋ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-k",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-k",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms lative adverbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-k"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic inflectional suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Estonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-∅",
"id1": "verb ending",
"qq1": "no visible spelling",
"sc1": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -∅ (no visible spelling)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Karelian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change; imperative only"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change; imperative only)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change; imperative only)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livvi:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ludian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Veps:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Veps: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Võro:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sometimes"
},
"expansion": "(sometimes)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Võro: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change), -q (sometimes)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Votic:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change"
},
"expansion": "(transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Eastern Votic"
},
"expansion": "(Eastern Votic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Votic: (transphonologized and exhibited by a stem change), -g (Eastern Votic)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "verb ending"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-k",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-k.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-k",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-k",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The second-person singular imperative ending."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The connegative verb ending."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-k"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -k meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.