See -ja in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-ji"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: -ji",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: -ji"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -i"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -i"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -i"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-ja",
"3": "-j"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -ja, -j",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -ja, -j"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -ja"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "agent"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-ja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ja",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*-jē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *-jē",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-ja, which was originally a participle ending in Proto-Uralic. Related to Proto-Samic *-jē.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ja / *-jä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"head": "*-ja / *-jä"
},
"expansion": "*-ja / *-jä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 11 12 13 13 13 13 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 15 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ja-urj-fin-pro-suffix-~UjDcFPU",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ja"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"alt1": "-ja",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Finnish: -ja",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in toponyms like <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fi\">Kytäjä</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fi\">Lohtaja</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fi\">Ypäjä</i>"
},
"expansion": "(in toponyms like Kytäjä, Lohtaja, Ypäjä)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Finnish: -ja (in toponyms like Kytäjä, Lohtaja, Ypäjä)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"alt1": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -ja (in dialectal edaja < *etä-jäk), possibly the same suffix as -ja in salaja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-ia",
"id1": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -ia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -ia (in kahtia, kotia...)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"alt1": "-i",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Livonian: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Livonian: -i (in kuodāi < *kota-jak, if not *kota-jën)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-alla",
"3": "-alle",
"4": "-alta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -alla, -alle, -alta",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably at least partially"
},
"expansion": "(probably at least partially)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -alla, -alle, -alta (probably at least partially)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "place"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "",
"3": "-я"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian -я (-ja)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "",
"3": "-я"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt -я (-ja)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*-ja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *-ja",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*-jën"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *-jën",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably cognate with Komi-Zyrian -я (-ja) (in e.g. дыря (dyra)) and Udmurt -я (-ja) (in e.g. дыря (dyra)), in which case from Proto-Finno-Permic *-ja. Compare the illative suffix *-jen (found in e.g. some Estonian dialects and cognate with Proto-Samic *-jën).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ja / *-jä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"head": "*-ja / *-jä"
},
"expansion": "*-ja / *-jä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 11 15 15 15 15 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns, mainly place names or other locative nouns, from nominal stems."
],
"id": "en--ja-urj-fin-pro-suffix-jtI2cJRH",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ja"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -ja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-ji"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: -ji",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: -ji"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -i"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -i"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-i"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -i"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-ja",
"3": "-j"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -ja, -j",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -ja, -j"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -ja"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "agent"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-ja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-ja",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*-jē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *-jē",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-ja, which was originally a participle ending in Proto-Uralic. Related to Proto-Samic *-jē.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ja / *-jä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"head": "*-ja / *-jä"
},
"expansion": "*-ja / *-jä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms agent nouns from verbs."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ja"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic suffixes",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Permic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "",
"alt1": "-ja",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Finnish: -ja",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "in toponyms like <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fi\">Kytäjä</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fi\">Lohtaja</i>, <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"fi\">Ypäjä</i>"
},
"expansion": "(in toponyms like Kytäjä, Lohtaja, Ypäjä)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Finnish: -ja (in toponyms like Kytäjä, Lohtaja, Ypäjä)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"alt1": "-ja"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -ja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -ja (in dialectal edaja < *etä-jäk), possibly the same suffix as -ja in salaja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-ia",
"id1": "adverbial"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -ia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -ia (in kahtia, kotia...)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"alt1": "-i",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Livonian: -i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Livonian: -i (in kuodāi < *kota-jak, if not *kota-jën)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-alla",
"3": "-alle",
"4": "-alta"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -alla, -alle, -alta",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "probably at least partially"
},
"expansion": "(probably at least partially)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -alla, -alle, -alta (probably at least partially)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "place"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kpv",
"2": "",
"3": "-я"
},
"expansion": "Komi-Zyrian -я (-ja)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "udm",
"2": "",
"3": "-я"
},
"expansion": "Udmurt -я (-ja)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-fpr-pro",
"3": "*-ja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Permic *-ja",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*-jën"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Samic *-jën",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably cognate with Komi-Zyrian -я (-ja) (in e.g. дыря (dyra)) and Udmurt -я (-ja) (in e.g. дыря (dyra)), in which case from Proto-Finno-Permic *-ja. Compare the illative suffix *-jen (found in e.g. some Estonian dialects and cognate with Proto-Samic *-jën).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ja / *-jä",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"head": "*-ja / *-jä"
},
"expansion": "*-ja / *-jä",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms nouns, mainly place names or other locative nouns, from nominal stems."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ja"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ja meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.