See -i- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-i-",
"qq1": "in many cases often secondary to <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"et\">-de-</i>, if an option at all"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -i- (in many cases often secondary to -de-, if an option at all)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -i- (in many cases often secondary to -de-, if an option at all)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-i-<id:plural>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-ī-",
"3": "-i-",
"qq2": "or transphonologized"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: -ī-, -i- (or transphonologized)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: -ī-, -i- (or transphonologized)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -i-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-j",
"id": "plural",
"pos": "oblique plural marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-j (oblique plural marker)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-j (oblique plural marker).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-i-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-i-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Finnic infixes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Plural number marker in other cases than the nominative (and optionally the genitive)."
],
"id": "en--i--urj-fin-pro-infix-VncbAjXo",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-i-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-i-<id:past>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "primarily transphonologized"
},
"expansion": "(primarily transphonologized)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: (primarily transphonologized); ? -iz-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -i-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "past"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*-j",
"id": "past",
"pos": "past tense marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-j (past tense marker)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-j (past tense marker).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-i-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-i-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Past tense marker."
],
"id": "en--i--urj-fin-pro-infix-Nhy6yXxz",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-i-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic infixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Uralic",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Uralic"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-i-",
"qq1": "in many cases often secondary to <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"et\">-de-</i>, if an option at all"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -i- (in many cases often secondary to -de-, if an option at all)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -i- (in many cases often secondary to -de-, if an option at all)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-i-<id:plural>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-ī-",
"3": "-i-",
"qq2": "or transphonologized"
},
"expansion": "Livonian: -ī-, -i- (or transphonologized)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: -ī-, -i- (or transphonologized)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -i-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "urj-pro",
"3": "*-j",
"id": "plural",
"pos": "oblique plural marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Uralic *-j (oblique plural marker)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Uralic *-j (oblique plural marker).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-i-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-i-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Plural number marker in other cases than the nominative (and optionally the genitive)."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-i-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Finnic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Finnic infixes",
"Proto-Finnic lemmas",
"Proto-Finnic terms derived from Proto-Finno-Ugric",
"Proto-Finnic terms inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "-i-<id:past>"
},
"expansion": "Finnish: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Finnish: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Ingrian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ingrian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "krl",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Karelian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Karelian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Karelian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Karelian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "liv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Livonian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "primarily transphonologized"
},
"expansion": "(primarily transphonologized)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Livonian: (primarily transphonologized); ? -iz-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olo",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Livvi: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Livvi: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lud",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Ludian: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ludian: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vep",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Veps: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Veps: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vro",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Võro: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Võro: -i-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vot",
"2": "-i-"
},
"expansion": "Votic: -i-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Votic: -i-"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "past"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "fiu-pro",
"3": "*-j",
"id": "past",
"pos": "past tense marker"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Finno-Ugric *-j (past tense marker)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Finno-Ugric *-j (past tense marker).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "infix"
},
"expansion": "*-i-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-i-",
"pos": "infix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Past tense marker."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Transphonologization"
],
"word": "-i-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -i- meaning in Proto-Finnic (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Finnic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.