See ulkos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ulkos meaning in Proto-Celtic (6.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "olc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: olc, olcc, elc\nIrish: olc\nManx: olk\nScottish Gaelic: olc",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: olc, olcc, elc\nIrish: olc\nManx: olk\nScottish Gaelic: olc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlp",
"2": "𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔"
},
"expansion": "Lepontic: 𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔 (ulkos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lepontic: 𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔 (ulkos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁elḱ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁élḱos",
"t": "sore, ulcer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ilhilaz",
"t": "bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz (“bad, evil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ulcus",
"t": "wound, sore"
},
"expansion": "Latin ulcus (“wound, sore”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἕλκος",
"t": "wound, ulcer"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अर्श",
"t": "hemorrhoids"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अर्श (arśa, “hemorrhoids”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-, compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz (“bad, evil”), Latin ulcus (“wound, sore”), Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”), Sanskrit अर्श (arśa, “hemorrhoids”).\nAlternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), though both the phonology and the semantics are difficult. In this case, it should be reconstructed *ulkʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "messos",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "messamos",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkobis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkams",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkābom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkābos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkābim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkābis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*messos",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*messamos",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*ulkos (comparative *messos, superlative *messamos)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ulk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ulkos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil, bad"
],
"id": "en-ulkos-cel-pro-adj-btqIF2dQ",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "if the etymology from the Proto-Indo-European word for ‘wolf’ is correct",
"word": "ulkʷos"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ulkos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "olc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: olc, olcc, elc\nIrish: olc\nManx: olk\nScottish Gaelic: olc",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: olc, olcc, elc\nIrish: olc\nManx: olk\nScottish Gaelic: olc"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlp",
"2": "𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔"
},
"expansion": "Lepontic: 𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔 (ulkos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lepontic: 𐌖𐌋𐌊𐌏𐌔 (ulkos)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁elḱ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁élḱos",
"t": "sore, ulcer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ilhilaz",
"t": "bad, evil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz (“bad, evil”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ulcus",
"t": "wound, sore"
},
"expansion": "Latin ulcus (“wound, sore”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἕλκος",
"t": "wound, ulcer"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अर्श",
"t": "hemorrhoids"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अर्श (arśa, “hemorrhoids”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wĺ̥kʷos",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁elḱ-, compare Proto-Indo-European *h₁élḱos (“sore, ulcer”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ilhilaz (“bad, evil”), Latin ulcus (“wound, sore”), Ancient Greek ἕλκος (hélkos, “wound, ulcer”), Sanskrit अर्श (arśa, “hemorrhoids”).\nAlternatively, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), though both the phonology and the semantics are difficult. In this case, it should be reconstructed *ulkʷos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "messos",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "messamos",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkobis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkams",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkābom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkābos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkābim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkābis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ulkā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*messos",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*messamos",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*ulkos (comparative *messos, superlative *messamos)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ulk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ulkos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"evil, bad"
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "if the etymology from the Proto-Indo-European word for ‘wolf’ is correct",
"word": "ulkʷos"
}
],
"word": "ulkos"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.