towissus in Proto-Celtic

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Etymology: From *to- (“to, towards”) + *wissus (“knowledge”). Etymology templates: {{root|cel-pro|ine-pro|*weyd-}}, {{af|cel-pro|*to-|*wissus|t1=to, towards|t2=knowledge}} *to- (“to, towards”) + *wissus (“knowledge”) Head templates: {{head|cel-pro|noun|cat2=|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=}} *towissus m Inflection templates: {{cel-decl-noun-u-mf|towiss}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], towissus [nominative, singular], towissū [dual, nominative], towissowes [nominative, plural], towissu [singular, vocative], towissū [dual, vocative], towissūs [plural, vocative], towissum [accusative, singular], towissū [accusative, dual], towissuns [accusative, plural], towissous [genitive, singular], towissous [dual, genitive], towissowom [genitive, plural], towissou [dative, singular], towissubom [dative, dual], towissubos [dative, plural], - [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], - [locative, plural], towissū [instrumental, singular], towissubim [dual, instrumental], towissubis [instrumental, plural]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*töwɨs"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *töwɨs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *töwɨs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "tywys"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: tywys",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: tywys"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "tywys"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: tywys",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: tywys"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "tús"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: tús, tuus\nIrish: tús\nScottish Gaelic: tùs",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: tús, tuus\nIrish: tús\nScottish Gaelic: tùs"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*to-",
        "3": "*wissus",
        "t1": "to, towards",
        "t2": "knowledge"
      },
      "expansion": "*to- (“to, towards”) + *wissus (“knowledge”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *to- (“to, towards”) + *wissus (“knowledge”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissowes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissūs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissuns",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissowom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissubom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissubos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissubim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissubis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*towissus m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "towiss"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/towissus",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "84 16",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "95 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Celtic terms prefixed with *to-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "act of leading, beginning"
      ],
      "id": "en-towissus-cel-pro-noun-Rv--Zb4j",
      "links": [
        [
          "leading",
          "leading"
        ],
        [
          "beginning",
          "begin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "leadership"
      ],
      "id": "en-towissus-cel-pro-noun-nnIOU4hV",
      "links": [
        [
          "leadership",
          "leadership"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "towissus"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Celtic lemmas",
    "Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Celtic nouns",
    "Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyd-",
    "Proto-Celtic terms prefixed with *to-",
    "Proto-Celtic u-stem nouns"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*töwɨs"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *töwɨs",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *töwɨs"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "tywys"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: tywys",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: tywys"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "tywys"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: tywys",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: tywys"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "tús"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: tús, tuus\nIrish: tús\nScottish Gaelic: tùs",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: tús, tuus\nIrish: tús\nScottish Gaelic: tùs"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*to-",
        "3": "*wissus",
        "t1": "to, towards",
        "t2": "knowledge"
      },
      "expansion": "*to- (“to, towards”) + *wissus (“knowledge”)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *to- (“to, towards”) + *wissus (“knowledge”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissus",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissowes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissūs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissuns",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissous",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissowom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissou",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissubom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissubos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissubim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "towissubis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*towissus m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "towiss"
      },
      "name": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
  "lang_code": "cel-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/towissus",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "act of leading, beginning"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "leading",
          "leading"
        ],
        [
          "beginning",
          "begin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "leadership"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "leadership",
          "leadership"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "towissus"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"towissus" meaning in Proto-Celtic

Noun