See skamos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*skaβ̃"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *skaβ̃",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *skaβ̃"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ysgafn",
"3": "ysgefeint",
"t": "light",
"t2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgefeint (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgefeint (“lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ysgafn",
"3": "ysgyfant",
"t": "light",
"t2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgyfant (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgyfant (“lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "caff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: caff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: caff, scanff"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "skañv",
"t": "light"
},
"expansion": "Breton: skañv (“light”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: skañv (“light”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "scaff",
"3": "schaff"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: scaff, schaff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: scaff, schaff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "scam",
"t": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: scam (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: scam (“lung”) (only attested as plural scaim)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱem-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skammaz",
"t": "short"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skammaz (“short”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lungô",
"t": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lungô (“lung”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁lengʷʰ-",
"t": "nimble, light"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“nimble, light”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, as a-vocalisms are not common. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem-, same source as Proto-Germanic *skammaz (“short”). Similar semantic connections can be found between \"light\" and \"lungs\" in other Indo-European languages, such as Proto-Germanic *lungô (“lung”) being from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“nimble, light”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skamos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skame",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skamons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skamom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skamobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "skamobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skamans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skamābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "skamābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*skamos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skam"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/skamos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"light (not heavy)"
],
"id": "en-skamos-cel-pro-adj-WlI0zBpq",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "skamos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*skaβ̃"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *skaβ̃",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *skaβ̃"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ysgafn",
"3": "ysgefeint",
"t": "light",
"t2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgefeint (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgefeint (“lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ysgafn",
"3": "ysgyfant",
"t": "light",
"t2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgyfant (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: ysgafn (“light”), ysgyfant (“lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "caff"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: caff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: caff, scanff"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "skañv",
"t": "light"
},
"expansion": "Breton: skañv (“light”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: skañv (“light”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "scaff",
"3": "schaff"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: scaff, schaff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: scaff, schaff"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "scam",
"t": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: scam (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: scam (“lung”) (only attested as plural scaim)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ḱem-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*skammaz",
"t": "short"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skammaz (“short”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lungô",
"t": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lungô (“lung”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁lengʷʰ-",
"t": "nimble, light"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“nimble, light”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain, as a-vocalisms are not common. Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱem-, same source as Proto-Germanic *skammaz (“short”). Similar semantic connections can be found between \"light\" and \"lungs\" in other Indo-European languages, such as Proto-Germanic *lungô (“lung”) being from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“nimble, light”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skamos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skame",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skamons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "skamom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skamobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "skamobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skamans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "skamābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "skamābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skamom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skamā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*skamos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "skam"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/skamos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"glosses": [
"light (not heavy)"
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "skamos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for skamos meaning in Proto-Celtic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.