See sūdyā in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sūdyā meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "súide"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: súide",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: súide"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "súiche"
},
"expansion": "Irish: súiche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: súiche"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "sooie"
},
"expansion": "Manx: sooie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: sooie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sùith"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: sùith",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: sùith"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*sūdiā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *sūdiā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *sūdiā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "sutge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: sutge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: sutge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "suie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: suie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: suie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*sūdiclum",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Latin: *sūdiclum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "British Latin"
},
"expansion": "(British Latin)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Latin: *sūdiclum (British Latin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "huzil"
},
"expansion": "Breton: huzil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: huzil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "huddygl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: huddygl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: huddygl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "huddygl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: huddygl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: huddygl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "súodžiai"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian súodžiai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*saďa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *saďa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sōtą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sōtą",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seh₃wd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seh₃wd-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sōtą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sōtą",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Oft-considered cognates include Lithuanian súodžiai, Proto-Slavic *saďa, and most controversially Proto-Germanic *sōtą, all meaning \"soot\". For these three, Matasović reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *seh₃wd- as their common root, independent of *sed- (“to sit”) from which the Germanic word was traditionally derived. The Celtic would require a metathesis of *-h₃w- to *-uh₃- in this root.\nThe Germanic word in particular requires what Kroonen calls \"Mahlow's law\", where long vowels in open syllables caused a following -w- to be lost in Germanic, for Matasović's etymology to work. Kroonen does not deal with Proto-Germanic *sōtą in his dictionary.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyāms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*sūdyā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sūdy"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sūdyā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"soot"
],
"id": "en-sūdyā-cel-pro-noun-as3Fin5N",
"links": [
[
"soot",
"soot"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "sūdyā"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "súide"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: súide",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: súide"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "súiche"
},
"expansion": "Irish: súiche",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: súiche"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "sooie"
},
"expansion": "Manx: sooie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: sooie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sùith"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: sùith",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: sùith"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*sūdiā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *sūdiā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *sūdiā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "sutge",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Catalan: sutge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Catalan: sutge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "suie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: suie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: suie"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "*sūdiclum",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "→⇒ Latin: *sūdiclum",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "British Latin"
},
"expansion": "(British Latin)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→⇒ Latin: *sūdiclum (British Latin)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "huzil"
},
"expansion": "Breton: huzil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: huzil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "huddygl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: huddygl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: huddygl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "huddygl"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: huddygl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: huddygl"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "súodžiai"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian súodžiai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*saďa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *saďa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sōtą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sōtą",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*seh₃wd-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *seh₃wd-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*sōtą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *sōtą",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Oft-considered cognates include Lithuanian súodžiai, Proto-Slavic *saďa, and most controversially Proto-Germanic *sōtą, all meaning \"soot\". For these three, Matasović reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *seh₃wd- as their common root, independent of *sed- (“to sit”) from which the Germanic word was traditionally derived. The Celtic would require a metathesis of *-h₃w- to *-uh₃- in this root.\nThe Germanic word in particular requires what Kroonen calls \"Mahlow's law\", where long vowels in open syllables caused a following -w- to be lost in Germanic, for Matasović's etymology to work. Kroonen does not deal with Proto-Germanic *sōtą in his dictionary.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Feminine ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyāms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "sūdyābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*sūdyā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sūdy"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sūdyā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic ā-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"soot"
],
"links": [
[
"soot",
"soot"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "sūdyā"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.