See messus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mess",
"id": "judgment"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: mess\nIrish: meas\nScottish Gaelic: meas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: mess\nIrish: meas\nScottish Gaelic: meas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "*medyetor",
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"pos2": "verbal noun suffix"
},
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"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *med- + *-tus (verbal noun suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf",
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"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
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"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine/feminine u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "messus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "messowes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "messuns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "messowom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "messubos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
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"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messubim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "messubis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*messus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mess"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/messus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-tus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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{
"sense": "Middle Breton: coms; Breton",
"word": "komz"
},
{
"sense": "*kom-messus",
"tags": [
"Irish",
"Middle"
],
"word": "commus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"judgement"
],
"id": "en-messus-cel-pro-noun-cel_pro:judgement",
"links": [
[
"judgement",
"judgement"
]
],
"senseid": [
"cel-pro:judgement"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "messus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*mes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *mes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: mes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "mez"
},
"expansion": "Breton: mez",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: mez"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: mes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: mes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: mes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: mes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mess",
"id": "nuts"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: mess\nMiddle Irish: mes, mess\nIrish: meas\nManx: mess\nScottish Gaelic: meas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: mess\nMiddle Irish: mes, mess\nIrish: meas\nManx: mess\nScottish Gaelic: meas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*meh₁-",
"t": "to measure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate, as Matasovic finds connections to Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”) and *meh₂d- (“to be wet”) unconvincing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine/feminine u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "messus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "messowes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "messuns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "messowom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "messubos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messubim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "messubis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
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"g3": "",
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},
"expansion": "*messus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "mess"
},
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}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/messus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"acorn, tree fruit, mast."
],
"id": "en-messus-cel-pro-noun-cel_pro:acorn",
"links": [
[
"acorn",
"acorn"
]
],
"senseid": [
"cel-pro:acorn"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "messus"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Celtic terms suffixed with *-tus",
"Proto-Celtic u-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Middle Breton: coms; Breton",
"word": "komz"
},
{
"sense": "*kom-messus",
"tags": [
"Irish",
"Middle"
],
"word": "commus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mess",
"id": "judgment"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: mess\nIrish: meas\nScottish Gaelic: meas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: mess\nIrish: meas\nScottish Gaelic: meas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*medyetor",
"3": "*-tus",
"alt1": "*med-",
"pos2": "verbal noun suffix"
},
"expansion": "*med- + *-tus (verbal noun suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *med- + *-tus (verbal noun suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf",
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine/feminine u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "messus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "messowes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "messuns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "messowom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "messubos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messubim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "messubis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*messus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mess"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/messus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"judgement"
],
"links": [
[
"judgement",
"judgement"
]
],
"senseid": [
"cel-pro:judgement"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "messus"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Celtic u-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*mes"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *mes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: mes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "mez"
},
"expansion": "Breton: mez",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: mez"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cnx",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Cornish: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Cornish: mes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: mes"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: mes"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mes"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: mes",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: mes"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "mess",
"id": "nuts"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: mess\nMiddle Irish: mes, mess\nIrish: meas\nManx: mess\nScottish Gaelic: meas",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: mess\nMiddle Irish: mes, mess\nIrish: meas\nManx: mess\nScottish Gaelic: meas"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*meh₁-",
"t": "to measure"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from a non-Indo-European substrate, as Matasovic finds connections to Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”) and *meh₂d- (“to be wet”) unconvincing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Masculine/feminine u-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "messus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "messowes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "messum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "messuns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "messowom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messubom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "messubos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "messū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "messubim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "messubis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*messus m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mess"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-u-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/messus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"acorn, tree fruit, mast."
],
"links": [
[
"acorn",
"acorn"
]
],
"senseid": [
"cel-pro:acorn"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "messus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for messus meaning in Proto-Celtic (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.