See lowenos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "laouen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "louen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Breton",
"lang_code": "obt",
"word": "louuen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "lowen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Cornish",
"lang_code": "cnx",
"word": "lowen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Cornish",
"lang_code": "oco",
"word": "louen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "llawen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "llawen"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*llowen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lavenus"
}
],
"lang": "Gaulish",
"lang_code": "cel-gau",
"word": "*Lawenos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "gain, benefit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- (“gain, benefit”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- (“gain, benefit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyosam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyosans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisbos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*lowenos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lowen"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/lowenos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"merry, joyful"
],
"id": "en-lowenos-cel-pro-adj-RuM~1PT6",
"links": [
[
"merry",
"merry"
],
[
"joyful",
"joyful"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lowenos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "laouen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "louen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Breton",
"lang_code": "obt",
"word": "louuen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "lowen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Cornish",
"lang_code": "cnx",
"word": "lowen"
}
],
"lang": "Old Cornish",
"lang_code": "oco",
"word": "louen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "llawen"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "llawen"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*llowen"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Lavenus"
}
],
"lang": "Gaulish",
"lang_code": "cel-gau",
"word": "*Lawenos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leh₂w-",
"4": "",
"5": "gain, benefit"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- (“gain, benefit”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂w- (“gain, benefit”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyūs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyoses",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyosam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenyosans",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisbos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenisbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lowenis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*lowenos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lowen"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/lowenos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"merry, joyful"
],
"links": [
[
"merry",
"merry"
],
[
"joyful",
"joyful"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "lowenos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lowenos meaning in Proto-Celtic (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (28c0cbd and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.