See loɸernos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for loɸernos meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*llowern",
"t": "fox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *llowern (“fox”)\nOld Breton: louuern\nMiddle Breton: louarn\nBreton: louarn (“fox”), lowern, luhern\nOld Cornish: louuern (“vulpes”)\nCornish: lowarn (“fox”)\nOld Welsh: louern\nMiddle Welsh: llewyrn (“foxes”)\nWelsh: llwyrn (“will o' the wisp”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *llowern (“fox”)\nOld Breton: louuern\nMiddle Breton: louarn\nBreton: louarn (“fox”), lowern, luhern\nOld Cornish: louuern (“vulpes”)\nCornish: lowarn (“fox”)\nOld Welsh: louern\nMiddle Welsh: llewyrn (“foxes”)\nWelsh: llwyrn (“will o' the wisp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "loarn"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: loarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: loarn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*louernos"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *louernos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *louernos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂(w)lop-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂(w)lop-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wolpis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wolpis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*alōpēkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *alōpēkos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*lapē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *lapē",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*dzelpinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *dzelpinā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "աղուէս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*HlawpaHćás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *HlawpaHćás",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬋𐬞𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬋𐬞𐬌 (raōpi)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂(w)lop- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”). Cognate with Proto-Italic *wolpis, Proto-Hellenic *alōpēkos, Proto-Balto-Slavic *lapē, Proto-Albanian *dzelpinā, *welpinā, Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs), աղուվէս (ałuvēs), Proto-Indo-Iranian *HlawpaHćás and Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬋𐬞𐬌 (raōpi).\nCognates in other IE languages differ too wildly to reconstruct a PIE prototype noun, so this may be a Wanderwort.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*loɸernos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loɸern"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/loɸernos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fox"
],
"id": "en-loɸernos-cel-pro-noun-d2yzJqsM",
"links": [
[
"fox",
"fox"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "loɸernos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*llowern",
"t": "fox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *llowern (“fox”)\nOld Breton: louuern\nMiddle Breton: louarn\nBreton: louarn (“fox”), lowern, luhern\nOld Cornish: louuern (“vulpes”)\nCornish: lowarn (“fox”)\nOld Welsh: louern\nMiddle Welsh: llewyrn (“foxes”)\nWelsh: llwyrn (“will o' the wisp”)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *llowern (“fox”)\nOld Breton: louuern\nMiddle Breton: louarn\nBreton: louarn (“fox”), lowern, luhern\nOld Cornish: louuern (“vulpes”)\nCornish: lowarn (“fox”)\nOld Welsh: louern\nMiddle Welsh: llewyrn (“foxes”)\nWelsh: llwyrn (“will o' the wisp”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "loarn"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: loarn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: loarn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*louernos"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *louernos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *louernos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂(w)lop-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂(w)lop-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wolpis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wolpis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*alōpēkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic *alōpēkos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*lapē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *lapē",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*dzelpinā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian *dzelpinā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "աղուէս"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*HlawpaHćás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *HlawpaHćás",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬭𐬀𐬋𐬞𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬋𐬞𐬌 (raōpi)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂(w)lop- ~ *h₂ulp- (“(red) fox”). Cognate with Proto-Italic *wolpis, Proto-Hellenic *alōpēkos, Proto-Balto-Slavic *lapē, Proto-Albanian *dzelpinā, *welpinā, Old Armenian աղուէս (ałuēs), աղուվէս (ałuvēs), Proto-Indo-Iranian *HlawpaHćás and Avestan 𐬭𐬀𐬋𐬞𐬌 (raōpi).\nCognates in other IE languages differ too wildly to reconstruct a PIE prototype noun, so this may be a Wanderwort.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸerne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "loɸernūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*loɸernos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loɸern"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/loɸernos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"cel-pro:Carnivores"
],
"glosses": [
"fox"
],
"links": [
[
"fox",
"fox"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "loɸernos"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.