See knukkos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for knukkos meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*knox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *knox",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *knox"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "cnoch"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: cnoch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: cnoch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "knech"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: knech",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: knech"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "krec'h"
},
"expansion": "Breton: krec'h",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: krec'h"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cnwch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cnwch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cnwch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cnwch",
"3": "clwch"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cnwch, clwch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cnwch, clwch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Goidelic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cnocc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cnocc\nIrish: cnoc\nManx: cronk\nScottish Gaelic: cnoc\n⇒ Middle Irish: cnocán",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cnocc\nIrish: cnoc\nManx: cronk\nScottish Gaelic: cnoc\n⇒ Middle Irish: cnocán"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cnwc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: cnwc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: cnwc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hnakkô",
"t": "the back of the neck; nape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnakkô (“the back of the neck; nape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kneg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kneg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hunke",
"3": "",
"4": "hillock"
},
"expansion": "German Hunke (“hillock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "kñuk",
"3": "",
"4": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A kñuk (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnakkô (“the back of the neck; nape”), of uncertain further origin, but both are traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kneg- or *knek-. It is sometimes suggested that the Germanic cognate is borrowed from Celtic (cf. especially German Hunke (“hillock”)). Alternatively, Kroonen argues for an inherited basis of the geminate cluster in the Germanic term, and that consequently the Celtic is more likely borrowed from Germanic. Compare Tocharian A kñuk (“neck”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*knukkos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "knukk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/knukkos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"protuberance; hill"
],
"id": "en-knukkos-cel-pro-noun-r8krKTfS",
"links": [
[
"protuberance",
"protuberance"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "knekkos"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "knukkos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*knox"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *knox",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *knox"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "cnoch"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: cnoch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: cnoch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "knech"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: knech",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: knech"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "krec'h"
},
"expansion": "Breton: krec'h",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: krec'h"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cnwch"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: cnwch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: cnwch"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cnwch",
"3": "clwch"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: cnwch, clwch",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: cnwch, clwch"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Goidelic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cnocc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: cnocc\nIrish: cnoc\nManx: cronk\nScottish Gaelic: cnoc\n⇒ Middle Irish: cnocán",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: cnocc\nIrish: cnoc\nManx: cronk\nScottish Gaelic: cnoc\n⇒ Middle Irish: cnocán"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cnwc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: cnwc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: cnwc"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hnakkô",
"t": "the back of the neck; nape"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnakkô (“the back of the neck; nape”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kneg-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kneg-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Hunke",
"3": "",
"4": "hillock"
},
"expansion": "German Hunke (“hillock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "kñuk",
"3": "",
"4": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A kñuk (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnakkô (“the back of the neck; nape”), of uncertain further origin, but both are traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *kneg- or *knek-. It is sometimes suggested that the Germanic cognate is borrowed from Celtic (cf. especially German Hunke (“hillock”)). Alternatively, Kroonen argues for an inherited basis of the geminate cluster in the Germanic term, and that consequently the Celtic is more likely borrowed from Germanic. Compare Tocharian A kñuk (“neck”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkoi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkou",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkoms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkous",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkūi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkobom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkobos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkū",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkobim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "knukkūis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*knukkos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "knukk"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/knukkos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms borrowed from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms with unknown etymologies",
"cel-pro:Landforms"
],
"glosses": [
"protuberance; hill"
],
"links": [
[
"protuberance",
"protuberance"
],
[
"hill",
"hill"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "knekkos"
}
],
"word": "knukkos"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.