See kaletos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kaled"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kaled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kaled"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "calet"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: calet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: calet, caled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kaled"
},
"expansion": "Breton: kaled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: kaled"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cales"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: cales",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: cales, calas, calys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: caled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: caled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: caled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: caled"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: calad\nMiddle Irish: calad\nIrish: caladh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: calad\nMiddle Irish: calad\nIrish: caladh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Caleti"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Caleti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ethnonym"
},
"expansion": "(ethnonym)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Caleti (ethnonym)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlH-eto-",
"t": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haliþaz",
"t": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "calleo",
"t": "I am hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin calleo (“I am hardened”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halluz",
"t": "stone, boulder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "If the original meaning was \"frozen\" before evolving into \"hard,\" possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”), related to *kal- (“hard”), see also Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”), Latin calleo (“I am hardened”). MacBain prefers a connection with Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”), from *(s)kel- (“to cut; hew”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*kaletos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kalet"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaletos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, strong, cruel"
],
"id": "en-kaletos-cel-pro-adj-7Oy6hKBv",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "kaletos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*kaled"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kaled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kaled"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "calet"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: calet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: calet, caled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kaled"
},
"expansion": "Breton: kaled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: kaled"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cales"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: cales",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: cales, calas, calys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: caled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: caled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: caled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: caled"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: calad\nMiddle Irish: calad\nIrish: caladh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: calad\nMiddle Irish: calad\nIrish: caladh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Caleti"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Caleti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ethnonym"
},
"expansion": "(ethnonym)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Caleti (ethnonym)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlH-eto-",
"t": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haliþaz",
"t": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "calleo",
"t": "I am hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin calleo (“I am hardened”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halluz",
"t": "stone, boulder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "If the original meaning was \"frozen\" before evolving into \"hard,\" possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”), related to *kal- (“hard”), see also Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”), Latin calleo (“I am hardened”). MacBain prefers a connection with Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”), from *(s)kel- (“to cut; hew”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*kaletos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kalet"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaletos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"hard, strong, cruel"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "kaletos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kaletos meaning in Proto-Celtic (6.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.