See kaletos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kaletos meaning in Proto-Celtic (6.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "calet"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: calet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: calet, caled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kaled"
},
"expansion": "Breton: kaled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: kaled"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cales"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: cales",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: cales, calas, calys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: caled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: caled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: caled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: caled"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: calad\nMiddle Irish: calad\nIrish: caladh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: calad\nMiddle Irish: calad\nIrish: caladh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Caleti"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Caleti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ethnonym"
},
"expansion": "(ethnonym)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Caleti (ethnonym)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlH-eto-",
"t": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haliþaz",
"t": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "calleo",
"t": "I am hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin calleo (“I am hardened”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halluz",
"t": "stone, boulder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "If the original meaning was \"frozen\" before evolving into \"hard,\" possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”), related to *kal- (“hard”), see also Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”), Latin calleo (“I am hardened”). MacBain prefers a connection with Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”), from *(s)kel- (“to cut; hew”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*kaletos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kalet"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaletos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, strong, cruel"
],
"id": "en-kaletos-cel-pro-adj-7Oy6hKBv",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "kaletos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "calet"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: calet",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: calet, caled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "kaled"
},
"expansion": "Breton: kaled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: kaled"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "cales"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: cales",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: cales, calas, calys"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: caled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: caled"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "caled"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: caled",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: caled"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "calad"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: calad\nMiddle Irish: calad\nIrish: caladh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: calad\nMiddle Irish: calad\nIrish: caladh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "Caleti"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: Caleti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ethnonym"
},
"expansion": "(ethnonym)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: Caleti (ethnonym)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlH-eto-",
"t": "cold"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*haliþaz",
"t": "hero"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "calleo",
"t": "I am hardened"
},
"expansion": "Latin calleo (“I am hardened”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*halluz",
"t": "stone, boulder"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "If the original meaning was \"frozen\" before evolving into \"hard,\" possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlH-eto- (“cold”), related to *kal- (“hard”), see also Proto-Germanic *haliþaz (“hero”), Latin calleo (“I am hardened”). MacBain prefers a connection with Proto-Germanic *halluz (“stone, boulder”), from *(s)kel- (“to cut; hew”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "O/ā-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kalete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletobis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletams",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaletā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*kaletos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kalet"
},
"name": "cel-decl-adj-o+a"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kaletos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Celtic adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"hard, strong, cruel"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"cruel",
"cruel"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "kaletos"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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