See kʷerstā in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "perth"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "Penberth"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "perth"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "perth"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Perth"
}
],
"lang": "Pictish",
"lang_code": "xpi"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*perθ"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "ceirt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hursti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hursti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pérkus",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from a root *kʷres-, seen also in *kʷresnom and more distantly, Proto-West Germanic *hursti. The traditional ascription to Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”) is rejected by Van Sluis and Stifter for semantic reasons.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstāns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*kʷerstā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kʷerst"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷerstā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hedge, bush"
],
"id": "en-kʷerstā-cel-pro-noun-oSHM0Xsq",
"links": [
[
"hedge",
"hedge"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷerstā"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "perth"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "Penberth"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "perth"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "perth"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Perth"
}
],
"lang": "Pictish",
"lang_code": "xpi"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"word": "*perθ"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "ceirt"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hursti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hursti",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pérkus",
"t": "oak"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Derived from a root *kʷres-, seen also in *kʷresnom and more distantly, Proto-West Germanic *hursti. The traditional ascription to Proto-Indo-European *pérkus (“oak”) is rejected by Van Sluis and Stifter for semantic reasons.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-a-f",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstāns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstāi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstābom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstābos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstābim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷerstābis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*kʷerstā f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kʷerst"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-a-f"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷerstā",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic ā-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"hedge, bush"
],
"links": [
[
"hedge",
"hedge"
],
[
"bush",
"bush"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷerstā"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kʷerstā meaning in Proto-Celtic (3.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-09-20 using wiktextract (ea0d853 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.