See geistlos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*guɨstl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *guɨstl\nOld Breton: guistl\nMiddle Breton: goestl\nBreton: gouestl\nOld Cornish: guistel\nCornish: gostel\nMiddle Welsh: gwystyl, gwystl\nWelsh: gwystl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *guɨstl\nOld Breton: guistl\nMiddle Breton: goestl\nBreton: gouestl\nOld Cornish: guistel\nCornish: gostel\nMiddle Welsh: gwystyl, gwystl\nWelsh: gwystl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gíall",
"id": "hostage"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gíall\nMiddle Irish: gíall\nIrish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)\nScottish Gaelic: giall\n⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gíall\nMiddle Irish: gíall\nIrish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)\nScottish Gaelic: giall\n⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "geistlus"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: geistlus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: geistlus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gīslaz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Germanic: *gīslaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Germanic: *gīslaz (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeydʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeydʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "desire, wait for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“desire, wait for”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geĩsti",
"3": "geidžiù",
"4": "to desire"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geidžiù (“to desire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьdati",
"3": "",
"4": "to await"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žьdati (“to await”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“desire, wait for”), apparently interpreted as \"one who waits (to be released)\". Cognate with Lithuanian geidžiù (“to desire”), Proto-Slavic *žьdati (“to await”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistloi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "geistloi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlūis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*geistlos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "geistl"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/geistlos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "94 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hostage"
],
"id": "en-geistlos-cel-pro-noun-KuPPfUxJ",
"links": [
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bail"
],
"id": "en-geistlos-cel-pro-noun--ogav0tN",
"links": [
[
"bail",
"bail"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "geistlos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Celtic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Celtic lemmas",
"Proto-Celtic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Celtic nouns",
"Proto-Celtic o-stem nouns",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Celtic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeydʰ-"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*guɨstl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *guɨstl\nOld Breton: guistl\nMiddle Breton: goestl\nBreton: gouestl\nOld Cornish: guistel\nCornish: gostel\nMiddle Welsh: gwystyl, gwystl\nWelsh: gwystl",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *guɨstl\nOld Breton: guistl\nMiddle Breton: goestl\nBreton: gouestl\nOld Cornish: guistel\nCornish: gostel\nMiddle Welsh: gwystyl, gwystl\nWelsh: gwystl"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gíall",
"id": "hostage"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gíall\nMiddle Irish: gíall\nIrish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)\nScottish Gaelic: giall\n⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gíall\nMiddle Irish: gíall\nIrish: giall (“hostage, human pledge”)\nScottish Gaelic: giall\n⇒ Middle Irish: gíallacht"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "geistlus"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: geistlus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: geistlus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*gīslaz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Germanic: *gīslaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Germanic: *gīslaz (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeydʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʰeydʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "desire, wait for"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“desire, wait for”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "geĩsti",
"3": "geidžiù",
"4": "to desire"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian geidžiù (“to desire”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*žьdati",
"3": "",
"4": "to await"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *žьdati (“to await”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰeydʰ- (“desire, wait for”), apparently interpreted as \"one who waits (to be released)\". Cognate with Lithuanian geidžiù (“to desire”), Proto-Slavic *žьdati (“to await”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cel-decl-noun-o-m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistloi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "geistloi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlons",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlūi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlobom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlobos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlei",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlobim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "geistlūis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural",
"stem"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "noun",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "*geistlos m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "geistl"
},
"name": "cel-decl-noun-o-m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/geistlos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hostage"
],
"links": [
[
"hostage",
"hostage"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bail"
],
"links": [
[
"bail",
"bail"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "geistlos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for geistlos meaning in Proto-Celtic (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Celtic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.